DOCUMENT OF THE WORLD BANK FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY INDIA: ATAL BHUJAL YOJANA (ABHY) - National Groundwater Public Disclosure Authorized Management Improvement Program (Program-for-Results) Environmental and Social Systems Assessment Report Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL DRAFT May 2018 Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by South Asia Sustainable Development Unit Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 15 1.2 National Groundwater Management Improvement Program (NGMIP) ............................... 16 1.3 Purpose of Environmental and Social Systems Assessment (ESSA) ...................................... 17 2. Program Description ........................................................................................................... 20 2.1 Groundwater Management and Regulation Program .......................................................... 20 2.1.1 National Program on Aquifer Mapping and Management ........................................... 21 2.1.2 Participatory Groundwater Management .................................................................... 22 2.1.3 Implementation Progress of GWMR ............................................................................. 22 2.2 National Groundwater Management Improvement Program.............................................. 22 2.2.1 Geographic Scope of the Program ................................................................................ 23 2.2.2 Example Civil Works and Investments Under the Program .......................................... 24 2.2.3 Implementation Arrangements .................................................................................... 25 2.2.4 Independent Verification Agency ................................................................................. 26 3. Program Environmental and Social Management Systems ................................................... 27 3.1 Institutional Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 27 3.1.1 National-level Institutions ............................................................................................. 27 3.1.2 State-level Institutions .................................................................................................. 29 3.2 Legal and Regulatory Framework Applicable to the Program .............................................. 31 3.2.1 National-level Legal and Regulatory Framework .......................................................... 31 3.2.2 State-level Legal and Regulatory Framework ............................................................... 33 3.3 Relevant National Programs on Groundwater Management ............................................... 35 3.4 Relevant State-level Programs on Groundwater Management ........................................... 37 3.5 Decentralised/Community Groundwater Management in India .......................................... 40 4. Program Capacity and Performance Assessment ................................................................. 42 4.1 National-level Assessment .................................................................................................... 42 4.1.1 Adequacy of Legislative Framework ............................................................................. 42 4.1.2 Effectiveness of Administrative and Organisational Environment ............................... 43 4.1.3 Performance in Implementation and Support in Groundwater Programs ................... 43 4.1.4 Institutional Capacities to Address Environment and Social Issues .............................. 43 4.2 State-level Assessment ......................................................................................................... 45 4.2.1 Adequacy of Legislative Framework for Groundwater Regulation and Management . 45 4.2.2 Adequacy of Legislative Framework for Environmental Assessment ........................... 46 4.2.2 Adequacy of Legislative Framework for Social Safeguards ........................................... 46 4.2.3 Effectiveness of Administrative and Organisational Environment ............................... 47 4.2.4 Effectiveness in Inter-departmental Coordination ....................................................... 47 4.2.5 Performance in Implementation and Support in Groundwater Management............. 47 4.2.5 Institutional Capacities to Address Environment and Social Issues .............................. 49 5. Assessment of Program System .......................................................................................... 51 5.1 Potential Environmental Impacts, Risks, and Benefits of the Program ................................ 51 5.1.1 Potential Environmental Benefits ................................................................................. 51 5.1.2 Potential Environmental Impacts and Risks .................................................................. 52 5.2 Potential Social Impacts, Risks, and Benefits of the Program............................................... 55 5.2.1 Potential Social Benefits ............................................................................................... 56 5.2.2 Potential Social Risks ..................................................................................................... 57 5.3 Program Consistency with PfoR Core Principles ................................................................... 58 5.3.1 General Principle of Assessment and Management ..................................................... 58 6. Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 62 i 6.1 Environmental Recommendations ....................................................................................... 62 6.2 Social Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 64 7. Annexes ............................................................................................................................. 68 7.1 Annex 1: State and District Selection Criteria ....................................................................... 68 7.2 Annex 2: Detailed Note on Consultations ............................................................................. 70 Tables Table 1: Results Areas and DLIs of NGMIP .............................................................................................. 1 Table 2: Indicative Breakdown of Program Expenditures at Central and State Levels (Crore of Indian Rupees) ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Table 3: NGMIP Environmental and Social Risks - Selected Institutional Perspective ............................ 6 Table 4: India NGMIP Environmental and Social Risk - Investment Perspective .................................... 9 Table 5: DLIs and Example Investments................................................................................................ 24 Table 6: National- and State-level Institutions and Their Role in Groundwater Management ............ 27 Table 7: State-level Agencies and Their Role in Groundwater Management ....................................... 30 Table 8: Implementation Plan for Environment Actions ...................................................................... 64 Table 9: Implementation Plan for Social Actions .................................................................................. 66 Figures Figure 1: Selected Institutions and Investments Current Groundwater Program .................................. 4 Figure 2: Planned Investments to be Supported by NGMIP ................................................................... 5 ii Acronyms ABHY Atal Bhujal Yojana (also referred to interchangeably in this document AMP as National Groundwater Management Improvement Program, or NGMIP) Aquifer Management Plan APFAMGS Andhra Pradesh Farmer-Managed Groundwater Systems Project BP Bank Procedure (World Bank) CGWA Central Ground Water Authority CGWB Central Ground Water Board CPCB Central Pollution Control Board EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ESSA Environmental and Social Systems Assessment EHS Environment, Health and Safety GoI Government of India GP Gram Panchayat GW Ground Water GWMR Groundwater Management and Regulation IVA Independent Verification Agency IWRM Integrated Water Resources Monument MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MORD Ministry of Rural Development MOWR, RD&GR Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation NAQUIM National Program on Aquifer Mapping and Management NGMIP National Groundwater Management Improvement Program (also referred to interchangeably in this document as Atal Bhujal Yojana, or ABHY) O&M Operations and Management OP Operational Policy (World Bank) PAP Program Action Plan PDO Program Development Objective PESA Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Area PGWM