ENGLISH CONTENTS (for Color Plates, see pages 21–32) 88 Participants 155 Appendices 156 (1) Geology and Hydrology 90 Institutional Profiles 163 (2) Vascular Plants 93 Acknowledgments 190 (3) Fishes 95 Mission 206 (4) Amphibians and Reptiles 214 (5) Birds 96 Report at a Glance 226 (6) Mammals 103 Why Nanay-Mazán-Arabela Headwaters? 232 (7) Bats 234 (8) Human Demography 104 Conservation Targets 236 (9) Sociocultural Assets 107 Recommendations 238 Literature Cited 111 Technical Report 244 Previous Reports 111 Overview and Inventory Sites Biological Inventory 114 Geology, Hydrology, and Soils 119 Flora and Vegetation 125 Fishes 130 Amphibians and Reptiles 134 Birds 140 Mammals Social Inventory 145 Human Communities: Social Assets and Resource Use PERÚ: NANAY-MAZÁN-ARABELA SEPTIEMBRE/SEPTEMBER 2007 87 PARTICIPANTS FIELD TEAM Martin Bustamante (amphibians and reptiles) Max H. Hidalgo (fishes) Pontifica Universidad Catolica de Ecuador Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Quito, Ecuador Lima, Peru [email protected] [email protected] Adriana Bravo (mammals) Dario Hurtado (coordinator, transportion logistics) Louisiana State University Policia Nacional del Perú, Lima, Peru Baton Rouge, LA, USA [email protected] Italo Mesones (plants, field logistics) Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana Álvaro del Campo (field logistics) Iquitos, Peru Centro de Conservación, Investigación y [email protected] Manejo de Áreas Naturales (CIMA) Tarapoto, Peru Debra K. Moskovits (coordinator) [email protected] Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Alessandro Catenazzi (amphibians and reptiles) [email protected] Florida Internacional University Miami, FL, USA Andrea Nogués (social inventory) [email protected] Center for Cultural Understanding and Change The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Nállarett Dávila Cardozo (plants) [email protected] Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana Iquitos, Peru Gabriela Nuñez Iturri (plants) [email protected] University of Illinois-Chicago Chicago, IL, USA Roger Conislla (transportation logistics) [email protected] Policia Nacional del Perú, Lima, Peru Mario Pariona (social logistics) Juan Díaz Alvan (birds) Environmental and Conservation Programs Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Iquitos, Peru [email protected] [email protected] Manuel Ramirez Santana (social inventory) Walter Flores (social inventory) Organización Regional de AIDESEP-Iquitos (ORAI) Gobierno Regional de Loreto Iquitos, Peru Iquitos, Peru Marcos Ramírez (field logistics) Robin B. Foster (plants) Centro de Conservación, Investigación y Environmental and Conservation Programs Manejo de Áreas Naturales (CIMA) The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Tarapoto, Peru [email protected] [email protected] 88 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 18 COLLABORATORS Jhony Rios (mammals) Asociación Interétnica de Desarrollo de la Selva Peruana (AIDESEP) Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana Lima, Peru Iquitos, Peru [email protected] Centro para el Desarrollo del Indígena Amazónico (CEDIA) Lima, Peru Oscar Roca (transport logistics) Policia Nacional del Perú, Lima, Peru Centro Pastoral Iquitos, Peru Robert Stallard (geology) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Ejercito Peruano (EP) Panama City, Panama Base #29, Cururay, Peru [email protected] Fuerza Area del Perú (FAP) Douglas F. Stotz (birds) Iquitos, Peru Environmental and Conservation Programs Gerencia del Subregion de Napo The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Santa Clotilde, Peru [email protected] Hotel Doral Inn Corine Vriesendorp (plants) Iquitos, Peru Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) [email protected] Iquitos, Peru Tyana Wachter (general logistics) Parroquia Catolica de Santa Rosa Environmental and Conservation Programs Mazan, Peru The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA [email protected] Parroquia Nuestra Señora de la Asunción Santa Clotilde, Peru Alaka Wali (social inventory) Center for Cultural Understanding and Change Policia Nacional del Perú (PNP) The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA Lima, Peru [email protected] Phillip Willink (fishes) Department of Zoology The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA [email protected] PERÚ: NANAY-MAZÁN-ARABELA SEPTIEMBRE/SEPTEMBER 2007 89 INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES The Field Museum Gobierno Regional de Loreto (GOREL) The Field Museum is a collections-based research and educational The Regional Government of Loreto (GOREL) is a judiciary institution devoted to natural and cultural diversity. Combining entity representing the will of the public. It has political, economic the fields of Anthropology, Botany, Geology, Zoology, and and administrative autonomy and receives a designated budget as Conservation Biology, museum scientists research issues in established in Article 191 of the Peruvian Constitution and Article 2 evolution, environmental biology, and cultural anthropology. of Law 27867. The scope of its jurisdiction is delineated by Environmental and Conservation Programs (ECP) is the branch of the current boundaries of the department of Loreto and its the museum dedicated to translating science into action that creates headquarters are in the city of Iquitos. and supports lasting conservation. Another branch, the Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, works closely with ECP to GOREL’s mission is to govern democratically and achieve an ensure that local communities are involved in conservation in integrated development in the region, in agreement with national, positive ways that build on their existing strengths. With losses of sectorial, and regional policies. Together with other public natural diversity accelerating worldwide, ECP’s mission is to direct institutions and private investments, GOREL implements and the museum’s resources—scientific expertise, worldwide collections, promotes programs, projects, and action towards the goal of innovative education programs—to the immediate needs of generating economic well-being and to improve the living conservation at local, national, and international levels. standards of the population. The Field Museum Gobierno Regional de Loreto 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Av. Abelardo Quiñónez km 1.5 Chicago, IL 60605-2496 U.S.A. Iquitos, Peru 312.922.9410 tel 51.65.267010/266969 tel www.fieldmuseum.org 51.65.267013 fax www.regionloreto.gob.pe 90 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 18 Organizacion Regional AIDESEP-Iquitos (ORAI) Herbario Amazonense de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana The Regional Organization AIDESEP-Iquitos (ORAI) is registered The Herbario Amazonense (AMAZ) is situated in Iquitos, Peru, publicly in Iquitos, Loreto. This institution consists of 13 indigenous and forms part of the Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía federations, and represents 16 ethnic groups located along the Peruana (UNAP). It was founded in 1972 as an educational and Putumayo, Algodón, Ampiyacu, Amazonas, Nanay, Tigre, research institution focused on the flora of the Peruvian Amazon. Corrientes, Marañón, Samiria, Ucayali, Yavarí, and Tapiche Rivers In addition to housing collections from several countries, the bulk in the Loreto region. of the collections showcase representative specimens of the Amazonian flora of Peru, considered one of the most diverse floras The mission of ORAI is to ensure communal rights, to protect on the planet. These collections serve as a valuable resource for indigenous lands, and to promote an autonomous economic understanding the classification, distribution, phenology, and habitat development based on the values and traditional knowledge that preferences of plants in the Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, and characterize indigenous society. In addition, ORAI works on gender Angiospermae. Local and international students, docents, and issues, developing activities that promote more balanced roles and researchers use these collections to teach, study, identify, and motivate the participation of women in the communal organization. research the flora, and in this way the Herbario Amazonense ORAI actively participates in land titling of native communities, as contributes to the conservation of the diverse Amazonian flora. well as in working groups with governmental institutions and the civil society for the development and conservation of the natural Herbarium Amazonense (AMAZ) resources in the Loreto region. Esquina Pevas con Nanay s/n Iquitos, Peru Organizacion Regional AIDESEP-Iquitos (ORAI) 51.65.222649 tel Avenida del Ejército 1718 [email protected] Iquitos, Peru 51.65.265045 tel 51.65.265140 fax [email protected] PERÚ: NANAY-MAZÁN-ARABELA SEPTIEMBRE/SEPTEMBER 2007 91 INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Founded in 1918, the Museo de Historia Natural is the principal source of information on the Peruvian flora and fauna. Its permanent exhibits are visited each year by 50,000 students, while its scientific collections—housing a million and a half plant, bird, mammal, fish, amphibian, reptile, fossil, and mineral specimens—are an invaluable resource for hundreds of Peruvian and foreign researchers. The museum’s mission is to be a center of conservation, education and research on Peru’s biodiversity, highlighting the fact that Peru is one of the most biologically diverse countries on the planet, and that