Orienting Feminism [email protected] Catherine Dale • Rosemary Overell Editors Orienting Feminism Media, Activism and Cultural Representation [email protected] Editors Catherine Dale Rosemary Overell Faculty of Policy Studies Media, Film and Communication Chuo University University of Otago Tokyo, Japan Dunedin, New Zealand ISBN 978-3-319-70659-7 ISBN 978-3-319-70660-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70660-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017960191 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institu- tional affiliations. Cover design by Tjaša Krivec Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland [email protected] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to acknowledge all those who took part in the Transforming Feminisms conference November 2015 at Otago University, New Zealand, especially the organising collective. This conference was supported by the Humanities Research Grant, without which we could not have held the event. We also want to thank the Department of Media, Film and Communication for its support. The indexing for this book was also funded by the Humanities Research Grant. Finally, we would like to thank the contributors to this collection. v [email protected] CONTENTS 1 Introduction: Orienting Feminism: Media, Activism, and Cultural Representation 1 Catherine Dale and Rosemary Overell Part I Media 7 2 “They’re So Normal I Can’t Stand It”: I Am Jazz, I Am Cait, Transnormativity, and Trans Feminism 9 Joanna McIntyre 3 My Little Pony, Communalism and Feminist Politics 25 Kevin Fletcher 4 Designer Pussy: The Role of Graphic Design as an Arbiter of Gender Representation 43 Leigh Paterson Part II Activism 69 5 Fighting Back on Feminist Terms: Empowerment Through Self-Defence Training in Neoliberal Times 71 Bell A. Murphy vii [email protected] viii Contents 6 SlutWalk Melbourne: Negotiating Feminisms and Organising Activists 95 Jessamy Gleeson 7 Surfing the Fourth Wave of the Feminist Movement Via SNS 113 Paula Ray Part III Cultural Representations 135 8 Sappho in Cyberspace: Power Struggles and Reorienting Feminisms 137 Siobhan Hodge 9 Safe for Work: Feminist Porn, Corporate Regulation and Community Standards 155 Zahra Stardust 10 The Proliferation of Consent-Focused Rape Prevention Social Marketing Materials 181 Melanie Ann Beres Index 197 [email protected] LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Melanie Beres is a senior lecturer in the Department of Sociology, Gender and Social Work at the University of Otago, New Zealand. Her programme of research is centred around the concept of sexual consent and sexual-violence prevention. She uses qualitative methodology to explore how young adults communicate and understand consent in their casual and long-term relationships. Catherine Dale is a Lecturer in English at Chuo University, Japan, where she teaches Cultural Studies and Literary Theory. Currently, her research focuses on gender, suicidology, and the essay. Kevin Fletcher is a PhD candidate in Communication Studies at the University of Otago, New Zealand. He graduated in 1997 from the University of Otago with a BA in German and in 2013 with an MA in German. His research interests include children’s screen culture, actor studies, and German film and television. Jessamy Gleeson is a feminist activist, academic, and organiser. She is completing her PhD at Swinburne University. Her research focuses on feminist activism in digital environments and how social media can be used to challenge gendered representations in mainstream media. Jessamy has also worked on a number of feminist projects and campaigns including SlutWalk Melbourne. Siobhan Hodge has a PhD in English literature. Her thesis focused on Sappho’s legacy in English translations. She was winner of the Patricia Hackett poetry award in 2015 and Highly Commended in both the 2016 ix [email protected] x List of Contributors Glen Philips Poetry Prize and 2017 Ros Spencer Poetry Prize. She has published in a range of titles including Westerly, Axon, Contrapasso, Peril, Limina, and Plumwood Mountain. Joanna McIntyre is a Lecturer in Screen and Media Studies at the University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia. Her research interests include transgender and queer representation in film and television, celebrity cul- ture, and Australian screen history. Bell A. Murphy is a pākehā woman from Aotearoa/New Zealand. She is an accredited teacher with the Women’s Self Defence Network−Wāhine Toa and a PhD candidate in the Department of Sociology, Gender and Social Work at The University of Otago. Her research interests include intersectional feminist approaches to self-defence and sexual-violence prevention. Rosemary Overell is a Lecturer in Communications and Media Studies at the University of Otago, New Zealand. Currently her research focuses on gender, psychoanalysis, and mediated cultures. She published Affective Intensities in Extreme Music Scenes with Palgrave in 2014. Leigh Paterson is a Lecturer in Communication Design at Otago Polytechnic, College of Art, Design and Architecture, New Zealand. Her research focuses on typography, mark-making, pop culture, and issues and intersections relative to design theory concerning appropriation, technol- ogy, dissent, gender, space, subversion, and banalities. Paula Ray has a PhD (University of Auckland) on digital activism among urban Indian women Facebook users. She got her last Master’s degree in International Communication from the University of Leeds, UK, and her first Master’s in Political Science from the University of Calcutta, India. Before returning to academia, she was a journalist in India, the UK, and NZ. Zahra Stardust is a socio-legal researcher focusing on sexuality, criminal law, and human rights. She is writing her PhD on pornography in Australia at the University of New South Wales. Her work appears in Queer Sex Work (Routledge, 2015), World Journal of AIDS, and news sites such as The Conversation. Her research interests include feminist legal theory, anti-discrimination, and social justice. [email protected] LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 4.1 De Bretteville, Shelia Levrant. “Central spread from Shelia Levrant de Bretteville “Everywoman Newspaper.” 1970. Sheilastudio. Web. 11 July 2017. http://www.sheilastudio. com/ 45 Fig. 4.2 Carmichael, Alison. “C**t.” 2005. Work—Alison Carmichael, Mark Denton (concept), Web. 04 April 2017. http:// alisoncarmichael.com/ct/ 47 Fig. 4.3 Paterson, Leigh. “Times New RoHuman, 150 point,” 2017 48 Fig. 4.4 Women’s Design + Research Unit (WD+RU). “Pussy Galore” AIGA: Eyeondesign, Cook, Sian and Triggs, Teal, September 28th, 2016, Web. 24 April 2017. https:// eyeondesign.aiga.org/the-women-readdressing-the-gender- imbalance-in-typography/ 49 Fig. 4.5 DesignStudio. “Brand_Case_Study3.” Rebranding the world’s most compelling hospitality idea. Screenshot from gif. 20 August 2017. https://www.wearedesignstudio.com/works/airbnb- rebrand/ 53 Fig. 4.6 Unknown. “Airbnb—extra roomy.” 2014, Complex, Web. 20 August 2017. http://www.complex.com/style/2014/07/ the-20-funniest-airbnb-logo-design-parodies/ 54 Fig. 4.7 Courbet, G. L’Origine du monde [The Origins of the World] (1866). Oil on canvas, 46 × 55 cm. Musee d’Orsay. Web. 2006. Digital Image. 1 September 2017. http://www.musee-orsay. fr/en/collections/works-in-focus/search/commentaire. html?no_cache=1&zoom=1&tx_damzoom_ pi1%5BshowUid%5D=2406 55 xi [email protected] xii List of Figures Fig. 4.8 Drake, Frank, Räisänen, Oona, Sagan, Carl, Salzman Sagan, Linda. The Pioneer plaque. 1972. Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 20 August 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_plaque#/media/ File:Pioneer_plaque.svg 57 Fig. 4.9 look_at_this_pusssy, “Screen shot from @ look_at_this_pusssy,” Instagram, 10 September 2017. https://www.instagram. com/p/1dqqtyiZrk/?hl=en&taken-by=look_at_this_pusssy 59 Fig. 4.10 I Love Ugly. “2015—Jewellery Collection.” 2015. Acclaim. The Drop: I Love Ugly debut jewellery collection. Screenshot from Web Lookbook. 20 August, 2017. http://www. acclaimmag.com/style/the-drop-i-love-ugly-debut-jewellery- collection-nsfw#2 63 Fig. 4.11 Calvin Klein,