Sector F Water-Related Environment Management Sector F. Water-Related Environment Management Table of Contents Pages F.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. F-1 F.1.1 Study Area .............................................................................................................. F-1 F.1.2 Scope of the Water-related Environment Study ..................................................... F-1 F.1.3 Governing Policies and Regulations ...................................................................... F-2 F.1.3.1 National Issuances ...................................................................................... F-2 F.1.3.2 Local Issuances ........................................................................................... F-2 F.1.4 Institutional Responsibilities .................................................................................. F-2 F.2 Water-related Environmental Conditions ............................................................................. F-4 F.2.1 Natural Environment .............................................................................................. F-4 F.2.1.1 Water Catchments ....................................................................................... F-4 F.2.1.2 Ecologically Sensitive Areas ...................................................................... F-4 F.2.2 Socio-economic Environment ................................................................................ F-5 F.2.2.1 Population in the Study Area ...................................................................... F-5 F.2.2.2 Fishpond Aquaculture Areas ....................................................................... F-6 F.2.2.3 Livestock and Poultry Population ............................................................... F-6 F.3 Water Quality Status in the Study Area ................................................................................. F-8 F.3.1 Surface Water Quality ............................................................................................ F-8 F.3.1.1 Classification of Surface Waters ................................................................. F-8 F.3.1.2 Surface Water Quality of Pampanga and San Fernando Rivers ................. F-9 F.3.1.3 Surface Water Quality of Angat River ........................................................ F-9 F.3.2 Groundwater Quality ........................................................................................... F-10 F.3.3 Coastal/Marine Water Quality .............................................................................. F-13 F.4 Pollution Load Analysis ........................................................................................................ F-14 F.4.1 General ................................................................................................................. F-14 F.4.1.1 Definition of Pollution Load..................................................................... F-14 F.4.1.2 Gross BOD Pollution Generation in Manila Bay Area ............................. F-14 F.4.2 Methods and Assumptions for Estimating Pollution Load .................................. F-15 F.4.2.1 Domestic Pollution Load .......................................................................... F-15 F.4.2.2 Industrial Pollution Load .......................................................................... F-15 F.4.2.3 Agricultural Pollution Load ...................................................................... F-16 F.4.3 Estimated BOD Pollution Load ........................................................................... F-17 F.4.4 Relationship between Accumulated BOD Pollution Load and BOD Pollution Flux in Rivers ....................................................................................................... F-18 F.4.5 Effect of Structural Measures on the Reduction of Pollution Load ..................... F-20 F.4.5.1 Structural Measures .................................................................................. F-20 F.4.5.2 Estimated BOD Pollution Load with or without Structural Measures ..... F-20 F.4.6 Summary of Results and Recommendations ....................................................... F-22 F.5 Issues and Concerns .............................................................................................................. F-23 F.5.1 Inadequate Water Quality Data Management ...................................................... F-23 F.5.1.1 Poor Water Quality Monitoring ................................................................ F-23 i F.5.1.2 Inadequate Inventory of Pollution Sources .............................................. F-23 F.5.1.3 Inadequate Inventory of Pollution Sources .............................................. F-23 F.5.2 Contamination of Surface, Ground and Coastal Waters ...................................... F-23 F.5.2.1 Inadequate Sewerage Treatment and Sanitation Facilities ....................... F-24 F.5.2.2 Inadequate Strategies to Control Pollution from Industrial, Agricultural and Aquaculture Wastes ............................................................................ F-24 F.5.2.3 Poor Solid Waste Management ................................................................. F-24 F.5.2.4 Over-Extraction of Groundwater .............................................................. F-25 F.5.2.5 Siltation of Rivers ..................................................................................... F-25 F.5.2.6 Illegal Settlements along River Easements .............................................. F-25 F.5.3 Institutional Constraints ....................................................................................... F-25 F.5.3.1 Inadequate Institutional Capability ........................................................... F-25 F.5.3.2 Weak Regulatory Enforcement ................................................................. F-25 F.5.3.3 Weak Institutional Coordination ............................................................... F-25 F.5.3.4 Inadequate Public Awareness ................................................................... F-26 F.6 Plan for Water-related Environmental Management ......................................................... F-27 F.6.1 Goals of Water-Related Environment Management in the Basin ........................ F-27 F.6.1.1 Related National and Regional Policies, Strategies and Thrusts .............. F-27 F.6.1.2 Goals under the IWRM Plan .................................................................... F-27 F.6.2 Projects as Countermeasures to Address the Problems and Issues on Water-related Environment Management ............................................................ F-27 F.6.2.1 Project List ................................................................................................ F-27 F.6.2.2 Projects to Improve Inadequate Water Quality Data Generation and Management ............................................................................................. F-29 F.6.2.3 Projects to Address Contamination of Surface, Ground and Coastal Waters ....................................................................................................... F-32 List of Tables List of Tables in Report Table F. 1.1.1 Study Area ........................................................................................................ F-1 Table F. 2.1.1 Initial Components of the NIPAS in the Basin ................................................. F-4 Table F. 2.2.1 Population within the Study Area ..................................................................... F-5 Table F. 2.2.2 Projected Population within the Study Area ..................................................... F-5 Table F. 2.2.3 Fisheries Production within the Pampanga River Basin. ................................. F-6 Table F. 2.2.4 Fishpond Production Areas in the Pampanga River Basin ............................... F-6 Table F. 2.2.5 Livestock and Poultry Population within the Study Area ................................. F-7 Table F. 3.1.1 Use Classification of Surface Water Bodies ..................................................... F-8 Table F. 3.1.2 Guideline Values for Different Classes of Water .............................................. F-8 Table F. 3.1.3 Classification of Principal Rivers in Pampanga River Basin ........................... F-8 Table F. 3.1.4 Summary of Over-year Average Water Quality of Pampanga and San Fernando River ................................................................................................. F-9 Table F. 3.1.5 Summary of Over-year Average Water Quality of Angat River, 2004-2008. ...................................................................................................... F-10 Table F. 3.2.1 Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water ......................................... F-10 Table F. 3.2.2 Results of Water Quality Test for Groundwater Managed by Water Districts .......................................................................................................... F-11 ii Table F. 3.2.3 TDS of Groundwater in Bulacan Province, 2005-2008. ................................ F-12 Table F. 4.3.1 BOD Pollution Load by Sources .................................................................... F-17 Table F. 4.3.2 BOD Pollution Load Density by Sub-Basins ................................................. F-18 Table F. 4.4.1 Relationship