CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION ABOUT TELECOM Telecommunications is one of the prime support services needed for rapid growth and modernization of various sectors of the economy. It has become especially important in recent years because of enormous growth of information technology (IT) and its significant impact on the rest of the economy. India is perceived to have a special comparative advantage in rural areas would be another thrust area to attain the goal of accelerated economic development and social change. Although the telecom network has grown rapidly in recent years, its growth needs to be accelerated further. It is equally important to sped up structural changes in this sector in line with trends in other countries to ensure that telecommunication service are not only made available on the scale needed to sustain rapid growth in the economy as a whole but also that their cost are in tune expectations of a modernizing economy. The telecom industry is advancing like never before. Bandwidth is becoming abundant, and newer technologies combined with liberalization are opening up the remotest areas into the global tele- network. But not is blissful for the telecom operators and equipment providers. Cut throat competition and demanding customers are pushing telecom companies against a granite wall. Product life cycles are shrinking and simultaneously increasing the risks associated with any new product or service launch. NEED FOR THE STUDY • This type of study helps organization to differentiate between realistic & unrealistic customer expectations. • It helps the organization to delight the customer. • This study helps determine the factors responsible for increase in customer expectations. • It helps the organization to know what customers expect actually. • It helps the organization to set benchmarks & standards. • It may help the organization to deliver the desired level of service • It helps the organization to set the quality control goals. • It helps avoid vague or undefined service designs. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 1) Creating awareness to AIRTEL customers about the facilities in postpaid connections. 2) Analyzing the problem faced by 3G and 2G customers. a. Collecting the data bases of different age group of customers interested in different types of toppings offer. 3) Motivating the customers to take postpaid connections. 4) Analyzing which postpaid plan is more used by customers. 5) Analyzing which type of topping is more used by customers. 6) Analyzing the satisfaction level of customer towards postpaid connection. SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study is conducted on AIRTEL Guser at ―AIRTEL 3G CENTER‖. The study is confined to the area of Visakhapatnam. The size of the sample was: 100 LIMITATIONS The present study is subjected to following LIMITATIONS. 1. Method of data collection was through personal interview and therefore bias becomes a major limitation. 2. Due to the time constraints all the customers were not covered. 3. The sample was restricted to 300 customers, which may restrict the scope and completion of study. 4. The scope of study is restricted only in Visakhapatnam. 5. Owing to their pre occupation some customers were unable to answer the complete questionnaire. DATA COLLECTION The information needed to further proceed in the project had been collected through primary data and secondary data. PRIMARY DATA Primary data consists of information collected for the specific purpose at hand for the purpose of collecting primary data, survey research was used and all the retail outlets sellers using different brands and their competitors were contacted. Survey research is the approach best suited gathering description. SECONDARY DATA The secondary data consists of information that already exist somewhere, Having been collected for another purpose. Any researcher begins the research work by first going through the secondary data. Secondary data includes the information available with the company. It may be the findings of research previously done in the field. Secondary data can also be collected from magazines, newspapers, other surveys conducted by known research agencies etc. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The respondents are the mobile postpaid connection holder with AIRTEL 3G toppings facilities. The survey was carried in Visakhapatnam with the sample size of 100. The survey was carried out with the help of a structured questionnaire, which helps in accomplishing the research objectives. The respondents by means of personal interview administer this structured ended CHAPTER- 2 INDUSTRY PROFILE HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATION The history of telecommunication began with the use of smoke signals and drums in Africa, the Americas and parts of Asia. In the 1790s, the first fixed semaphore systems emerged in Europe; however it was not until the 1830s that electrical telecommunication systems started to appear. This article details the history of telecommunication and the individuals who helped make telecommunication systems what they are today. The history of telecommunication is an important part of the larger history of communication. Early telecommunications Early telecommunications included smoke signals and drums. Talking drums were used by natives in Africa, New Guinea and South America, and smoke signals in North America and China. Contrary to what one might think, these systems were often used to do more than merely announce the presence of a military camp. In 1792, a French engineer, Claude Chappe built the first visual telegraphy (or semaphore) system between Lille and Paris. This was followed by a line from Strasbourg to Paris. In 1794, a Swedish engineer, Abraham Edelcrantz built a quite different system from Stockholm to Drottningholm. As opposed to Chappe's system which involved pulleys rotating beams of wood, Edelcrantz's system relied only upon shutters and was therefore faster.[3] However semaphore as a communication system suffered from the need for skilled operators and expensive towers often at intervals of only ten to thirty kilometers (six to nineteen miles). As a result, the last commercial line was abandoned in 1880.[4] Telegraph and telephone A very early experiment in electrical telegraphy was an 'electrochemical' telegraph created by the German physician, anatomist and inventor Samuel Thomas von Somme ring in 1809, based on an earlier, less robust design of 1804 by Catalan polymath and scientist Francisco Salva Campillo. Both their designs employed multiple wires (up to 35) in order to visually represent almost all Latin letters and numerals. Thus, messages could be conveyed electrically up to a few kilometers (in von Somme ring‘s design), with each of the telegraph receiver's wires immersed in a separate glass tube of acid. An electrical current was sequentially applied by the sender through the various wires representing each digit of a message; at the recipient's end the currents electrolyzed the acid in the tubes in sequence, releasing streams of hydrogen bubbles next to each associated letter or numeral. The telegraph receiver's operator would visually observe the bubbles and could then record the transmitted message, albeit at a very low baud rate. The principal disadvantage to the system was its prohibitive cost, due to having to manufacture and string-up the multiple wire circuits it employed, as opposed to the single wire (with ground return) used by later telegraphs. The first commercial electrical telegraph was constructed in England by Sir Charles Wheatstone and Sir William Fothergill Cooke. It used the deflection of needles to represent messages and started operating over twenty-one kilometers (thirteen miles) of the Great Western Railway on 9 April 1839. Both Wheatstone and Cooke viewed their device as "an improvement to the [existing] electromagnetic telegraph" not as a new device. On the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, Samuel Morse independently developed a version of the electrical telegraph that he unsuccessfully demonstrated on 2 September 1837. Soon after he was joined by Alfred Vail who developed the register — a telegraph terminal that integrated a logging device for recording messages to paper tape. This was demonstrated successfully over three miles (five kilometers) on 6 January 1838 and eventually over forty miles (sixty-four kilometers) between Washington, DC and Baltimore on 24 May 1844. The patented invention proved lucrative and by 1851 telegraph lines in the United States spanned over 20,000 miles (32,000 kilometers) The first successful transatlantic telegraph cable was completed on 27 July 1866, allowing transatlantic telecommunication for the first time. Earlier transatlantic cables installed in 1857 and 1858 only operated for a few days or weeks before they failed. The international use of the telegraph has sometimes been dubbed the "Victorian Internet". The electric telephone was invented in the 1870s, based on earlier work with harmonic (multi- signal) telegraphs. The first commercial telephone services were set up in 1878 and 1879 on both sides of the Atlantic in the cities of New Haven and London. Alexander Graham Bell held the master patent for the telephone that was needed for such services in both countries. The technology grew quickly from this point, with inter-city lines being built and telephone exchanges in every major city of the United States by the mid-1880s. Despite this, transatlantic voice communication remained impossible for customers until January 7, 1927 when a connection was established using radio. However no cable connection existed