PERSON COUNTY 2011 COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT Volume Two: Environmental Data October, 2011 Person County Community Health Assessment – Volume Two Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction . 5 Chapter One: Water Quality . 6 Water Resource Agencies in North Carolina . 7 Surface Water . 7 River Basins and Watersheds . 8 Roanoke River Basin . 8 Biological Parameters of Water Quality . 9 Chemical and Physical Parameters of Water Quality . 10 Whole Effluent Toxicity . 11 Lake and Reservoir Water Quality . 11 Impaired Water Bodies in the Roanoke River Basin . 14 Neuse River Basin . 15 Tar-Pamlico River Basin . 16 Fish Kills . 16 Fish Consumption Advisories . 17 Groundwater . 18 Aquifers . 18 Surficial Aquifer . 18 Fractured Bedrock Aquifer . 18 Groundwater Incidents . 19 Chapter Two: Air Quality . 20 Outdoor Ambient Air . 20 Criteria Air Pollutants . 20 Annual CAP Maxima . 22 Air Quality Index . 23 Sources of Criteria Air Pollutants . 24 EPA Air Quality Non-Attainment Areas . 25 Vehicle Inspection Mandates . 25 Vehicle Miles Driven . 25 Vehicles Powered by Alternative Fuels . 26 Mass Transportation . 27 Hazardous Air Pollutants . 28 Caveats Using HAP Data . 28 Cancer and Noncancer HAP Risks . 29 Indoor Ambient Air . 30 Carbon Monoxide . 31 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Deaths . 31 Radon . 32 Health Risks of Radon . 32 Environmental Tobacco Smoke . 33 Other Health Effects of Air Pollution . 35 Sick Building Syndrome/Building-Related Illness . 35 2 Person County Community Health Assessment – Volume Two Table of Contents Asthma . 36 Cardiovascular Events . 37 Chapter Three: Toxic Chemical Releases . 39 Toxic Release Inventory . 39 Land Contamination . 52 Superfund Sites . 52 Brownfields . 52 Inactive Hazardous Sites . 53 Hazardous Substances Emergency Events . 53 Chapter Four: Lead Hazards . 54 Where Lead is Found . 54 Health Effects of Lead Exposure . 55 Assessing Lead Risk . 55 Housing Units at Risk . 55 Childhood Blood Lead Levels . 56 Chapter Five: Agricultural Pollution . 59 Person County Agricultural Census . 59 Pesticides . 60 Pesticides Used on Crops . 61 Health and Environmental Risks of Pesticides . 63 Agricultural Animal Waste . 65 Chapter Six: Waste Management . 68 Solid Waste Management . 68 County-Level Solid Waste Collection . 68 Town-Level Solid Waste Collection . 69 County-Level Recycling . 69 Town-Level Recycling . 69 Landfill Capacity . 69 Wastewater Management . 70 County-Level Wastewater Management . 70 On-Site Wastewater Management . 70 Permitted Wastewater Discharges . 71 Chapter Seven: Drinking Water . 73 Water Usage . 73 Drinking Water Systems . 74 Community Drinking Water Systems . 74 Community Drinking Water Systems SDWIS Violations . 74 Municipal Drinking Water Systems . 75 Private Wells . 76 3 Person County Community Health Assessment – Volume Two Table of Contents Chapter Eight: Food-, Water-, and Vector-Borne Disease . 78 Food-Borne Diseases . 79 Water-Borne Diseases . 80 Vector-Borne Diseases . 80 Arboviral Diseases . 80 West Nile Virus . 80 Eastern Equine Encephalitis . 81 LaCrosse Encephalitis . ..