ENERGY USE IN OFFICE BUILDINGS Department of Energy Contract DOE DE-ACO1-79CS 20189 Volume 2 I, Office Building Energy Use Data Collection in Twenty Cities General Electric Company Energy Analysis 777 14th Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20005 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency Thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. PREFACE This is the report on Task IB, Familiarization with Additional Data Collection Plans of Annual Survey of BOMA Member and Non-Member Buildings in 20 Cities, of the General Electric Company's Energy Use in Office Buildings project, work conducted under a cost sharing contract with the ~e~artmentof Energy. The work presented in this volume was performed by the Building Owners and Managers Association International (BOMA) and was reviewed by G.E.'s Energy Analysis Section of the Power Systems Strategic Planning and Development Operation. The report was prepared for the, Department of Energy's Division of Buildings and Community Systems, Office of Conservation and Solar. The project was undertaken in the hope of filling a major gap in the available data on energy consumption. Survey and census data that can be used for estimating energy consumption are. published regularly for the residential and industrial sectors of the economy. Similar data do not yet exist for the commercial sector, and it will probably be several years before all of the data from a major DOEIEIA commercial sector energy survey which is currently in process will have been published and analyzed. General Electric's earlier efforts in this area, the Commercial Sector Energy Consumption Data Base Development Project, developed estimates on the square feet of commercial space and assembled existing data on the energy consumption characteristics of the space. An initial effort was also made to provide greater detail on energy consumption in office buildings. Three reports were produced: o Commercial Buildings Inventory, General Electric, Center for Energy Systems, Volume I, DOE Contract EC-77-C-01-2161, June 1978. o Survey -of Available Energy --Use Data, General Electric, Center for Energy Systems, Volume 11, DOE Contract EC-77-C-01-2161, April 1978. o Analysis of Energy Consumption --in Off ice Buildings, General Electric, Center for Energy Systems, Volume 111, DOE Contract EC-77-C-01- 2161, April 1978. The current project, Energy Use in Office Buildings, builds on the information developed in the initial project. The work is focused on office buildings, which are a major and complex energy consuming subsector of the Commercial Sector. As currently defined the contract has three major outputs. o The verification and tabular presentation of data from the 1977 commercial office building data base of the Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA); the work was completed in August of 1980. o A tabular and regression analysis of a new and significantly expanded 20 city office building data base recently developed by BOMA. I o A review and analysis of a 400 building supplementary survey conducted by BOMA. This volume presents information on the collection of the 20 city office building data base; the analysis of the data base will be presented in a subsequent I volume. When the project has been completed it is expected that the information on office building energy use and the factors which drive energy use will have been I substantially improved. NOTICES Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government.. Neither the United States nor the United States Department of Energy nor the General Electric Company, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process,. or service by trade name, mark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, 'recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Patent Status This technical report .is being transmitted in advance of DOE patent clearance, and no further dissemination or publication shall be made of the report without prior approval of the DOE Patent Counsel. Technical Status This technical report is being transmitted in advance of DOE review, and no further dissemination or publication shall be made of the report without prior approval of the DOE Prcject/Program Manager. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page PREFACE i NOTICES iii SUMMARY vi INTRODUCTION 1 SELECTION OF CITIES 3 BUILDING INVENTORIES 4 DATA COLLECTION 18 CONCLUDING COMMENTS 22 APPENDIX 1 Questionnaire Developed By BOMA For Data Collection in 20 Cities APPENDIX 2 Types of Information Sent by BOMA to Data Collection Personnel in Each City APPENDIX 3 Inventory of Major Office Buildings in 20 Cities TABLES BY SECTION OF REPORT Table Number Title Page I Table 1 Twenty City Office Building' Data Collection: Sources and Staff Table 2 Number of Office Buildings by Year of Construction Table 3 umber of Office Buildings By Height, Measured In Stories Table 4 .Number of Office Buildings By Size, As Measured in Square Feet Table 5 ~wentyCity off ice Building Data Base ~.-. SUMMARY This is the report on Task IB, Familiarization with'~dditiona1Data Collection Plans of Annual Survey of BOMA Member and Non-Member Buildings in 20 Cities, of the Energy Use in Office Buildings project. The purpose of the work was to monitor and understand the efforts of the Building Owners and Managers Association International (BOMA) in gathering an energy use oriented data base for a representative sample of buildings in 20 cities. Existing office building energy use data bases are generally limited to a single city or are not representative of the total stock of office buildings. In order to obtain an improved data base encompassing a broad spectrum of office space and with information suitable for energy analysis in greater detail than is currently available, BOMA undertook a major data collection effort. Based on a consideration of geographic area, climate, population, and availability of data, BOMA selected twenty cities for data collection. BOMA listed all of the major office space -- buildings in excess of 40,000 square feet -- in each of the cities. Tax assessment records, local maps, Chamber of Commerce data, recent industrial development programs, results of related studies, and local realtor input were used in an effort to assemble a comprehensive office building inventory. In order to verify the accuracy and completeness of the building lists, BOMA assembled an Ad-Hoc Review Committee in each city to review the assembled inventory of space. The Committees were composed of people familiar with the office building sector in each city, including building managers, realtors, leasing agents, insurance company personnel, and city officials. A questionnaire on office building energy use and building characteristics was developed. In each city BOMA assembled a data collection team operating under the supervision of its regional affiliate to gather the data. For each city a random sample of buildings was selected, and data were gathered. Responses for over 1000 buildings were obtained. The distribution of the responses is presented in Table 5 of the report. i I ENERGY USE IN OFFICE BUILDINGS OFFICE BUILDING ENERGY USE DATA COLLECTION IN TWENTY CITIES INTRODUCTION A number of tasks were associated with the Energy Use in Office Buildings 1I i project, Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC01-79CS20189: I I o Task I: Analysis of Office Building Energy Use By Class of Building, i Usage, Downtown/Suburban Location, and Other Relevant 1 Variables. - Task IA: Review and Analysis of the 1977 BOMA Data Base. - , Task IB: Familiarization with. Additional Data Collection Plans of Annual Survey of BOMA Member and Non- Member Buildings in 20 Cities. - Task IC: Analysis of Data Base for BOMA Member and Non- Member Buildings in 20 Cities. o Task 11: Supplemental Office Building Energy Use Analysis. - Task IIA: Analyze Supplementary Technical Data from BOMA for a Sample of BOMA Member Buildings. - Task IIB: Develop Additional Analysis of Prime Space Data. This is the report on Task IB; as of the writing of this report Tasks IA and IIA have been completed, and work remains to be .performed on Tasks IC and IIB. The purpose of this task was to monitor the establishment of a data base for commercial office building characteristics and energy use based on a representative sample of office buildings in 20 cities by the Building Owners and Managers Association Inter national (BOM A). - Existing office building energy use data bases are generally limited to a single city and/or are unrepresentative of the total stock of commercial office buildings. 1) For example, BOMA has collected on an annual basis since 1922 information on office building characteristics and operating performance.