Ontogenetic Patterns of Positional Behavior in Cebus Capucinus and Alouatta Palliata Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Bezanson, Michelle Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 03/10/2021 21:49:31 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194475 ONTOGENETIC PATTERNS OF POSITIONAL BEHAV IOR IN CEBUS CAPUCINUS AND ALOUATTA PALLIATA by Michelle Bezanson __________________________ Copyright © Michelle Bezanson 2006 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHRO POLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2006 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Michelle Bezanson entitled (Ontogenetic patterns of positional behavior in Cebus capucinus and Alouatta palliata ) and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Deg ree of Doctor of Philosophy . _______ _____________________ ________________ ________ _______ ____________ Date : June 22, 2006 Mary Ellen Morbeck _______ ___________________________ __________________ ________ ___________ Date: June 22, 2006 Stephen Zegura _______ __________________ _________ __________________ ________ ___________ Date: June 22, 2006 Rhonda Gillett -Netting _______ ___________________________ __________________ ________ ___________ Date: June 22, 2006 Michael Nachman Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date : June 22, 2006 Dissertation Director: Mary Ellen Morbeck 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited at the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: (Michelle Bezanson) 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Two people have been instrumental to my passion for anthropological primatology and to completing this dissertation. My academic advisor, Mary Ellen Morbeck has proven to be a patient mentor and friend throughout my academic career at the University of Arizona. Her knowle dge of evolutionary anthropology, her creativity, and her devotion to students has most inspired me toward a future in academia. She has shown me the importance of integrating scientific rigor, continued learning, good teaching, and personal happiness. Pa ul Garber, while not on my committee, has bee n instrumental to my interest in field primatology. I have learned more in our discussions in the field than I could have ever gained from a single class or book. Paul works harder and plays harder than any other human I have met, and if I can achieve even a small proportion of his academic and personal success, I will be content. I have been fortunate to work with a diverse committee at the University of Arizona. Stephen Zegura sparked my interest in the history of evolutionary concepts and breadth in biological anthropology. Rhonda Gillett- Netting always reminded me to prioritize and keep focused on my own academic goals. I would like to thank Mary Stiner for asking the most appropriate questions at exact ly the right time. I hardly think she realizes how she steered me back on track during our brief meetings. I thank Michael Nachman for showing me the importance of asking good questions and doing good science. He found the time to read this dissertatio n during a hectic research schedule and has provided quality suggestions and support throughout my graduate career. Finally, I thank my department head John Olsen for his enduring support and kind words during my time at the University of Arizona. Severa l field assistants joined me in Costa Rica . I can not imagine a better field assistant than Sarah Smith. She is hard working, a great conversationalist, and patient with some of my whacky techniques for getting through a rough day in the field. Sarah’s humor, friendship, and work ethic were instrumental to my field success. Teague O’Mara brought his unique perspectives on spider monkey positional behavior and popular culture . Greg Bridgett was my personal hero. I greatly admired his dedication, humility , humor, taste in music, and Canadian nationalism while at La Suerte. Chris Schaffer is never allowed to make me listen to REO Speedwagon again, but he can carry a machete in the forest with me any day. Sandra McLaughlin proved to be an excellent researcher and thinker, surviving the first frustrating month of field work with me. I thank the Molina family and especially Alvaro and Renee for allowing me to do research at La Suerte and for providing such a beautiful place for students and researchers. Reinal do Aguilar provided botanical expertise. I made many friends at La Suerte and in the town of Primavera which helped maintain my sanity through many months away from my family and friends. These friends include: Raquel Mesen Rubi, Leidy Mesen Rubi, Mauren Mesen Rubi, Cecilia Rubi Elizondo, J onathan Mesen Rubi, Mauricio Mesen Aleman, Elias Mesen Aleman, Elizabeth Mesen Aleman , Marcos Diaz Ledezma , Fernando Diaz Ledezma, Isabel (Isa) Moya Vargas , Hellen Masis Solano. Is rael Mesen Rubi (El tico má s tico) is an excellent field station manager. I thank him for keeping me on my toes and for consistently reminding me that gringos do not know everything. 5 I have learned a great deal from my graduate student peers at the University of Arizona. Lauren Milligan, John Murphy, Jon Scholnick, Jess Munson, Lisa Gavioli, and Luke Premo were excellent in their intellectual and social support and I consider them friends for life. Tovah Salcedo patiently and diligently helped me with randomization and R- programming. Paul Garber, Mary Pav elka, and A lejandro Estrada provided extremely useful comments for one chapter of this dissertation. Several people provided moral support while in the field and after I returned, including Angela Barclay, Janine Dade, Joanna Dakes, Mark Flint, Mary Flint, Maren Hopkins, Harry Liang, Susan Liang, Faitha Lowe -Bailey, David Slutes, Tom Stauffer, the Stephen family, and Laura Tesler. Finally, I thank Liz and Warren Bezanson for everything. I cannot find the words to express the importance of their support. They are the two smartest people I know, and are largely responsible for my ability to complete this dissertation and degree. Financial support for this project was provided by National Sc ience Foundation (DDIG #0228924), American Mu seum of Natural History (Theodore Roosevelt Grant) , Sigma Xi , The University of Arizona Department of Anthropology (Haury Fellowship, Mary Alice Sherry Helm Scholarship, Norton Allen Scholarship, Riecker Grant) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biolo gy (RTG) , College of Social and Behavioral Sciences (SBSRI Dissertation Research) , and Graduate College (Final Project Fund) . I received IACUC approval from the University of Arizona, Central Animal Facilty (IACUC # 02-198). 6 DEDICATION This dissert ation is dedicated to my parents, Liz and Warren Bezanson. 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ 10 LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. 13 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCT ION AND QUESTIONS ...................................................... 16 INTRODUCTION ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 17 QUESTIONS ADDRESSED I N THIS DISSERTATION ................................ ................................ ............................ 19 ORGANIZATION OF THE DISSERTATION................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 21 CHAPTER 2: CLASSIFIC ATION AND NATURAL HI STORY OF CEBUS CAPUCINUS AND ALOUATTA PALLIATA ..................................................................... 24 INTRODUCTION ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 25 STUDY SPECIES ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 25 Classification ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................