ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Iranica Upsaliensia 13 Koroshi A Corpus-based Grammatical Description Maryam Nourzaei, Carina Jahani, Erik Anonby, and Abbas Ali Ahangar Abstract Nourzaei, M., Jahani, C., Anonby, E., and Ahangar, A. A., 2015. Koroshi. A Corpus-based Grammatical Description. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Studia Iranica Upsaliensia 13. 315 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-554-9267-0. The Korosh people are scattered across large areas of southern Iran, from Hormozgan all the way to Khuzestan, and onto the Iranian plateau. This group, which numbers over 10,000 people, is found in significant concentrations near Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan Province, in north-western Fars Province around Shiraz, and across the southern part of Fars Province. Although oral accounts situate the provenance of the Korosh in Balochistan, and their language is closely related to southern varieties of Balochi, they have a distinct identity. Some affirm a his- torical and ethnic connection to the Baloch, but others view themselves as an autonomous tribe; in north-western Fars Province, members of the group maintain an affiliation with the larger Qašqā’i tribal confederacy. The present work contributes to the study of the Korosh through the lens of their language, Koroshi. The corpus for this study has been gathered among speakers of the dialect of Koroshi spoken around Shiraz. The book opens with a brief overview of the Korosh people and their culture. The main part of the study consists of an in-depth, corpus-based description of the pho- nology and morphosyntax of the Koroshi language; a corpus of seven glossed and translated texts of different genres; and a glossary of more than 1200 items. This documentation is supplemented with a CD containing soundfiles of the texts, a searchable PDF of the book, and images of the Koroshi community. Keywords: Koroshi, Balochi, Iranian languages, language documentation, corpus linguistics, oral narratives. © Maryam Nourzaei, Carina Jahani, Erik Anonby, and Abbas Ali Ahangar 2015 ISSN 1100-326X ISBN 978-91-554-9267-0 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-252421 (http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-252421) Printed in Sweden by Kph Trycksaksbolaget AB, Uppsala 2015. Distributor: Uppsala University Library, Box 510, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden www.uu.se, [email protected] To the Korosh Namakēn wārta Namakdūnā anabōrēnēn Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 17 2. The Korosh ................................................................................................ 21 2.1. Geographical distribution .................................................................. 21 2.2. Origins and identity ........................................................................... 22 2.3. Culture and way of life ...................................................................... 23 2.4. Language use and vitality .................................................................. 24 3. Linguistic overview of Koroshi ................................................................. 25 3.1. Phonology .......................................................................................... 25 3.1.1. Vowels ....................................................................................... 25 3.1.2. Consonants ................................................................................. 26 3.1.3. Phonological processes .............................................................. 27 3.1.4. Stress and intonation .................................................................. 27 3.2. Morphology and phrase level syntax ................................................. 28 3.2.1. Nominal morphosyntax .............................................................. 28 3.2.1.1. Nouns ................................................................................. 28 3.2.1.2. The eẓāfe construction ........................................................ 39 3.2.1.3. Adjectives and adverbs ....................................................... 41 3.2.1.4. Adpositions ......................................................................... 43 3.2.1.5. Pronouns ............................................................................. 46 3.2.1.6. Numerals and classifier ...................................................... 62 3.2.2. Verb morphosyntax .................................................................... 66 3.2.2.1. Verb stems .......................................................................... 66 3.2.2.2. Non-finite verb forms ......................................................... 66 3.2.2.3. Person-marking suffixes ..................................................... 67 3.2.2.4. TAM prefixes and clitic ..................................................... 67 3.2.2.5. Negation prefixes ............................................................... 69 3.2.2.6. Finite verb forms ................................................................ 70 3.2.2.7. Passive voice ...................................................................... 95 3.2.2.8. Non-canonical subject constructions .................................. 95 3.3. Clause and sentence level syntax ....................................................... 98 3.3.1. Clause constituent order ............................................................. 98 3.3.2. Coordination ............................................................................ 101 3.3.2.1. Juxtaposition ..................................................................... 101 3.3.2.2. Syndetic coordination ....................................................... 102 3.3.3. Subordination ........................................................................... 104 3.3.3.1. Subordinating conjunctions .............................................. 104 3.3.3.2. Complement clauses ......................................................... 105 3.3.3.3. Relative clauses ................................................................ 107 3.3.3.4. Adverbial clauses ............................................................. 110 3.3.4. Tail-head linkage ..................................................................... 120 Tables and maps Table 1: Presentation of the corpus included in this volume ........................ 19 Table 2: Koroshi vowels ............................................................................... 25 Table 3: Koroshi consonants ......................................................................... 26 Table 4: Case and number system of Koroshi nouns .................................... 28 Table 5: Personal pronouns in Koroshi ......................................................... 46 Table 6: Demonstrative pronouns in Koroshi ............................................... 50 Table 7: Person-marking clitics in Koroshi ................................................... 53 Table 8: Basic set of person-marking verb suffixes ...................................... 67 Table 9: Non-past forms of the copula .......................................................... 70 Table 10: Past forms of the copula ................................................................ 71 Table 11: Non-past indicative, subjunctive and imperative verb forms in Koroshi ............................................................................................. 72 Table 12. Perfective past in Koroshi ............................................................. 84 Table 13: Imperfective past in Koroshi ......................................................... 86 Table 14: Present perfect in Koroshi ............................................................. 91 Table 15: Past perfect in Koroshi .................................................................. 92 Table 16: Possession in Koroshi ................................................................... 96 Map 1. Provinces where Koroshi is spoken and locations of field reseach .......................................................................................... 22 Map 2. The Balochi language and its main dialect divisions ........................ 23 Abbreviations 1 first person 2 second person 3 third person [...] omission of text in a glossed example ... incomplete sentence - affix boundary = clitic boundary / alternative forms > turns into < comes from Ø zero morpheme A agent of a transitive verb ADD additive particle adj. adjective ADJZ adjectiviser adp. adposition adv. adverb advz. phr. adverbialiser phrase ADVZ adverbialiser affirm. affirmative alt. npst. alternative non-past stem ATTR attributive BACKG backgrounding C consonant card. num. cardinal numeral caus. causative CL/cl. classifier CLM clause linkage marker CMP comparative conj. conjunction coord. conj. coordinating conjunction COP/cop. copula DC Text 1: The Donkey and the Camel DEF definite dem. demonstrative dem. pn. demonstrative pronoun det. determiner DIM diminutive DIST distal echo echo word EMPH emphasis EZ eẓāfe F female FLEx Field Linguistics Explorer frag. fragmentary utterance GA Text 2: Goli and Ahmad GEN genitive IMP imperfective IMP.k imperfective k- IMPV/impv. imperative IND/ind. individuation clitic indef. pn. indefinite pronoun INF infinitive interj. interjection interr. pn. interrogative pronoun ITER iterative K. Koroshi KD Text 3: The King’s Daughter KS Text 4: The King’s Son lit. literally M male m minute MIR mirative MM Text 6: My Memories n. noun n. prop. proper name NEG negation neg. negated NEG.SBJV negative subjunctive NMLZ nominaliser