TECHNICAL OPTIONS FOR RETROFITTING INDUSTRIES WITH BIOENERGY A HANDBOOK Authors: Dominik Rutz2, Rainer Janssen2, Patrick Reumerman1, Jurjen Spekreijse1, Doris Matschegg3, Dina Bacovsky3, Arne Gröngröft4, Stephanie Hauschild4, Niels Dögnitz4, Emmanouil Karampinis5, Dimitrios-Sotirios Kourkoumpas5, Panagiotis Grammelis5, Kristian Melin6, Heidi Saastamoinen6, Ana Isabel Susmozas Torres7, Raquel Iglesias7, Mercedes Ballesteros7, Göran Gustavsson8, Daniella Johansson8, Anes Kazagić9, Ajla Merzić9, Dino Trešnjo9, Hans Dagevos11, Siet J. Sijtsema11, Machiel J. Reinders11, Marieke Meeusen11 (numbers in superscript refer to the project partners on page 4) Reviewers: Edgar Ahn (BDI Holding GmbH), Nicholas LaPointe2 Translations: The original language of the handbook is English. This handbook is also available in the following languages: Bosnian, Dutch, German, Greek, Spanish, other languages may follow ISBN: 978-3-936338-51-5 Published: © 2020 by WIP Renewable Energies, Munich, Germany Edition: 1st edition Contact: WIP Renewable Energies, Sylvensteinstr. 2, 81369 Munich, Germany [email protected] Tel.: +49 89 720 12 739 www.wip-munich.de Website: www.BIOFIT-h2020.eu Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, in order to be used for commercial purposes, without permission in writing from the publisher. The authors do not guarantee the correctness and/or the completeness of the information and the data included or described in this handbook. Disclaimer: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 817999. The sole responsibility for the content of this report lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union nor of the Innovation and Networks Executive Agency (INEA). Neither the INEA nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 817999. 1 Acknowledgements This handbook was elaborated in the framework of the BIOFIT project. The authors thank the European Commission for supporting the project. For permitting the use of information and graphs, the authors thank the following companies and contributors: Bioenergy Europe, KnowPulp database, C-Green Technology AB, Arbaflame, Yilkins, UPM Biofuels, and the project partners. 2 The BIOFIT project Bioenergy is an essential form of renewable energy, providing approximately 60% of the current renewable energy supply in the EU28. Spurred by innovation, bioenergy technologies are becoming ever more advanced and diverse, leading to the energy-efficient production of power, heat and cooling, and a variety of transport fuels. Retrofitting – which means replacing a part of an existing facility or installation with state-of-the-art equipment – can be a cost- effective solution for expanding bioenergy use in certain industries. Retrofitting is one of the fast ways to increase Europe’s renewable energy share by making the energy production of existing industries more sustainable. The BIOFIT project, supported by the Horizon 2020 programme of the European Union, aims to facilitate the introduction of bioenergy retrofitting in European industries. Retrofitting means often lower capital costs, shorter lead times, faster implementation, fewer production time losses and lower risks. The project facilitates the introduction of bioenergy retrofitting in five specific sectors1, namely: • First-generation biofuels industry • Pulp and paper industry • Fossil refineries • Fossil power generation • Combined Heat and Power (CHP) More specifically, the objectives of the BIOFIT project are: • To develop 10 concrete proposals (Case Studies) for bioenergy retrofitting for each of the named industries, together with industry and market actors that are committed to implement BIOFIT results. • To obtain an accurate and complete overview of options for bioenergy retrofitting in the targeted industries, as well as insight in the conditions under which each type of bioenergy retrofit is feasible and communicate this to the target groups. • To involve, engage and support stakeholders and market actors, especially from industry by communicating results, disseminating knowledge, providing opportunity for dialogue, and developing best practices and tools. • To evaluate framework conditions (legal, institutional and political) in order to identify general and industry-specific barriers and enablers. • To provide advice to policy makers at national and regional level to serve as input for more informed policies, market support and financial frameworks. Core actions in BIOFIT include the dissemination of existing best practice examples and the development of 10 retrofit case studies in collaboration with industrial partners. In parallel, the broader industry will be engaged and supported through five industry fora (working groups). The three-year project started in October 2018. The BIOFIT consortium consists of fourteen partners from eight European countries: Sweden, The Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Finland, Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Greece. The consortium consists of both industrial partners and academic / research partners. 1 The selection of these industries is due to the specifications of the call text in the Horizon 2020 programme, under which BIOFIT was submitted in the call for proposals. 3 Project Consortium and National Contact Points: BTG Biomass Technology Group BV, The Netherlands1 Patrick Reumerman [email protected] www.btgworld.com WIP Renewable Energies, Germany2 Dominik Rutz [email protected] www.wip-munich.de BIOENERGY 2020+, Austria3 Dina Bacovsky [email protected] DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Germany4 Arne Gröngröft [email protected] www.dbfz.de Centre for Research & Technology, Hellas, Greece5 Manolis Karampinis [email protected] www.certh.gr, www.cperi.certh.gr VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland6 Heidi Saastamoinen [email protected] www.vttresearch.com Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Spain7 Mercedes Ballesteros [email protected] www.ciemat.es ESS – Energikontor Sydost AB, Sweden8 Daniella Johansson [email protected] www.energikontorsydost.se JP Elektroprivreda BiH d.d.-Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina9 Anes Kazagic [email protected] www.epbih.ba Technip Benelux B. V., The Netherlands10 Mark Wanders [email protected] www.TechnipFMC.com Stichting Wageningen Research, The Netherlands11 Marieke Meeusen [email protected] www.wageningenur.nl/lei Swedish Biofuels AB, Sweden12 Andrew HulL [email protected] www.swedishbiofuels.se Hellenic Petroleum S.A., Greece13 Spyros Kiartzis [email protected] www.helpe.gr Biocarburantes de Castilla y León S.A., Spain14 Juan María García Alonso [email protected] www.vertexbioenergy.com 4 Content Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. 2 The BIOFIT project .............................................................................................................. 3 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 7 2 The retrofitting process ............................................................................................... 8 2.1 Involved stakeholders .............................................................................................. 8 2.2 The roles of citizens and consumers ......................................................................10 2.3 Motivation for retrofitting .........................................................................................14 3 Bioenergy sourcing for industries .............................................................................16 3.1 Biomass potential ...................................................................................................16 3.2 Biomass commodities ............................................................................................21 3.3 Logistics and value chains ......................................................................................26 3.4 Sustainability and certification policies....................................................................27 4 Overview of biomass conversion pathways ..............................................................29 5 Retrofitting first generation biofuel plants ................................................................31 5.1 Overview of the sector ............................................................................................31 5.2 Cellulosic ethanol add-on to first generation bioethanol ..........................................32 5.3 Alcohols for aviation ...............................................................................................34 5.4 Multi-feedstock biodiesel add-on ............................................................................35 5.5 Glycerol reforming to methanol ..............................................................................37 5.6 Biomethane as substitute for natural gas ................................................................38 5.7 Electrofuels ............................................................................................................39