Inspired to Change Our World. Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2012 Program May 13–18, 2012 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Matthew Feddersen and Blake Marggraff 2011 Gordon E. Moore Winners: Treatment of Simulated Cancer Cells with Compton Scattering-Produced Secondary Radiation Intel International Science and Engineering Fair About the Intel ISEF The Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (Intel ISEF), a program of Society for Science & the Public, is the world’s largest international pre-college science competition. The Intel ISEF is the premier science competition in the world and provides a forum for more than1,500 high school students from 70 countries, regions, and territories to showcase their independent research annually. Each year, millions of students worldwide compete in local science fairs; winners go on to participate in Intel ISEF- affiliated regional, state and national fairs to earn the opportunity to attend the Intel ISEF. Uniting these top young scientific minds, the Intel ISEF provides the opportunity to finalists to display their talent on an international stage, while enabling them to submit their work for judging by doctoral-level scientists. The Intel ISEF provides awards of over $3 million in prizes and scholarships annually. Table of Contents of Table Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2012 Greetings ....................................................................................................................2 Title Sponsor ...........................................................................................................8 Public Day Sponsors ...........................................................................................9 Grand Awards .....................................................................................................10 Special Award Organizations ....................................................................12 General Information ........................................................................................14 Gordon E. Moore Award ............................................................................. 15 Events and Office Hours .............................................................................16 Maps of David L. Lawrence Convention Center ............................18 Map of Downtown Pittsburgh and “T” Stops .................................26 Schedule of Events .........................................................................................30 Symposium Schedule ......................................................................................37 Local Restaurants ..............................................................................................46 Practical Guide and Local Information ................................................47 Pittsburgh Local Arrangements Committee ................................. 48 SSP Intel ISEF Committees ........................................................................49 Additional Acknowledgements ................................................................50 About Intel ............................................................................................................51 About Society for Science & the Public ........................................... 52 Finalist Directory ................................................................................................57 Intel Corporation Paul S. Otellini President and Chief Executive Officer om Intel On behalf of Intel, let me welcome you to the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2012 in Pittsburgh. This city is well known for its national sports teams and the steel industry of the mid 1900s, but over the years the primary industries have shifted to high technology, health care, nuclear engineering and biomedical technology. The area is also host to several well known universities Welcome fr Welcome including Carnegie Mellon, a global research university recognized for its world- class technology programs. All of this makes Pittsburgh a wonderful location for Intel ISEF. My congratulations to all of you who have worked so hard to compete here this week. You are all talented and deserving of this honor and I am proud of the opportunity to celebrate your work. We all know that there are many who have supported your journey to this point, so let me also congratulate and thank all of your teachers, parents, mentors and fair directors for all that they do to support science, math, teaching and learning. Keep up the good work! This week you are here to display your work and compete alongside your fellow finalists. Let me also suggest that you take the opportunity to meet your peers who in the future will be working around the world, or maybe along side of you, to solve the scientific challenges and issues our world faces So, take time to share ideas, challenge each other and, of course, have fun together. And when you return home, take every opportunity to pass on to your friends and to younger students, what this week has meant to you, the wonderful people you met from around the world, the new things you learned, and how participating as a young researcher in science, math, and engineering brought you here. All of us at Intel encourage you to continue to push the boundaries of science, to remain curious and ask the hard questions, to explore new scientific challenges, and to become ambassadors for science, math, and engineering education. We look forward to your success in the years to come. Have a great week, and best of luck to all of you. Sincerely, Paul S. Otellini President and Chief Executive Officer Intel Corporation 2 Society for Science & the Public & the Public Science for Society from Welcome Elizabeth Marincola SSP President and Publisher, Science News Welcome to the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2012, a program of Society for Science & the Public (SSP). Intel ISEF represents the world’s best science from young researchers. In the 63rd year of the science and engineering fair, we congratulate each finalist for earning the opportunity to participate. This privilege has been achieved through hard work, perseverance, and ingenuity. As we acknowledge the accomplishments of students, we trust they will acknowledge the critical support of the parents, teachers, and mentors who have been their research partners and enablers. By virtue of scientific curiosity and achievement, Intel ISEF finalists have the potential to help solve many of the world’s most vexing problems and contribute to the realization of our best global community. No matter what the future holds, I urge every finalist to continue to communicate the importance of scientific research to family, friends, and the broader community. SSP wants to stay in contact with our inspiring alumni and encourages you to fill out an alumni profile and follow us on social media. I look forward to meeting students and learning about their research this week in Pittsburgh. We acknowledge gratefully the Intel Foundation and the Intel Corporation for their continued partnership with SSP, which has made the Intel ISEF possible. Intel’s global leadership and commitment to science, engineering, and math education is an inspiring example of corporate investment in the future. The Society also acknowledges with gratitude the more than 70 other organizations that have provided support and awards for the Intel ISEF 2012. Finally, SSP salutes the hard-working Intel ISEF volunteers in Pittsburgh and around the country. These individuals share an unwavering dedication to scientific research and education and have given their time and energy generously to ensure a successful event. Congratulations. Enjoy a rewarding, inspiring, and memorable time at the Intel ISEF 2012. Sincerely, Elizabeth Marincola President, Society for Science & the Public, and Publisher, Science News 3 State of Pennsylvania Tom Corbett Governor om the Governor Welcome fr Welcome 4 State of Pennsylvania the U.S. Senate from Welcome Patrick J. Toomey U.S. Senate 5 6 Welcome from the Allegheny County Chief Executive Officer Allegheny County Chief Executive Officer Executive Chief County Allegheny Rich Fitzgerald Pennsylvania of State City of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh of the Mayor from Welcome Luke R. Ravenstahl Mayor 7 Society for Science & the Public (SSP) acknowledges with gratitude Intel Corporation and Intel Foundation for their support of the Intel ISEF 2012. Intel ISEF 2012—Title Sponsor Intel In the last decade, Intel has invested more than $1 billion, and Intel employees have donated over 4 million volunteer hours to improve education in more than 70 countries, regions, and territories. Intel is actively involved in education programs, advocacy, and technology access to help tomorrow’s innovators. Intel is proud to serve as the title sponsor of the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair through 2019. 8 SSP and Intel thank the following organizations for their generous ISEF 2012—Public Day Sponsors Intel support of the Intel ISEF 2012 Public Day to be attended by over 4,000 local middle school and high school students and their teachers. Agilent Technologies Foundation Alcoa Foundation Bayer Corporation Broadcom Foundation The Buhl Foundation Eden Hall Foundation The Grable Foundation NOVA Chemicals Corporation Lynn Peavey Company PPG Industries Foundation Ricoh Americas Corporation Shell Exploration and Production Company Dr. Nelson Ying Together they are proud to support these students and hope their participation