Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Systematic Anatomy Locomotor system - Part 3 Upper bones & their articulations Dr.Hongqi Zhang (张红旗) Department of Anatomy, Fudan University Email: [email protected] 1 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- HongqiThe ZHANG-Department bones of Anatomy-Fudanof upper University limb and their articulations The upper limb is characterized by considerable mobility and is adapted for grasping & manipulation. Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Bone of the upper limb-64 Bones of Shoulder girdle Clavicle 1 Scapula 1 Free upper limb bones Humerus 1 Ulna 1 Radius 1 Carpal bones 8 Metacarpal bones 5 Phalangeal bones 14 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Clavicles S-shaped long bone Fracture of the clavicle 1 shaft & 2 ends Medial 2/3 convex forward Lateral 1/3 convex backward Sternal end medially Easily fracture point Acromial end laterally Superior surface Inferior surface Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University A broad triangular flat bone Lie on posterolateral aspect of the thorax Scapula Overlying the 2nd -7th ribs Three angles, three borders, two surfaces Scapular Sup.border Coracoid process notch Sup.angle Acromion Supraglenoid tubercle Glenoid cavity Inf.scapular fossa Lat.angle Infraglenoid tubercle Med.border Lat.border Ant. surface Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan UniversityInf.angle Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-DepartmentScapula of Anatomy-Fudan University Scapular Coracoid notch process Acromion Sup.angle Acromion Supraspinatous fossa Lat.angle Scapular spine Infraglenoid tubercle Infraspinatous fossa Lat.border Med.border Inf.angle Post. surface Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Free upper limb bones 1 1-Humerus 1 2-Ulna 1 3-Radius 1 2 4-Carpal bones 8 3 4 5-Metacarpal bones 5 5 6-Phalangeal bones 14 6 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-DepartmentHumerus of Anatomy-Fudan University Anatomical neck Head of humerus Greater tubercles Head of humerus Greater tubercles Lesser tubercles Intertubercular sulcus Crest of lesser Crests of greater tubercle Surgical tubercle Surgical neck neck Detoid tuberosity Sulcus for Long bone radial n. One shaft Two ends Radial fossa Coronoid fossa Olecranon fossa Lat.epicondyle Medial Med.epicondyle epicondyle Lat.epicondyle Capitulum of humerus Sulcus for Trochlea of humerus Trochlea of humerus ulnar n. Copy Right-Ant. surface Hongqi ofZHANG-Department humerus of Anatomy-FudanPost. surface University of humerus CopyRadius Right- Hongqiand ulnarZHANG-Department of Anatomy-FudanOlecranon University Trochlear notch Articular fovea Coronoid process Head of radius Articular circumference Radial notch of ulna Neck of radius Ulnar tuberosity Radial tuberosity Interosseous border Interosseous border Ulnar notch Articular circumference Head of ulnar Carpal articular surface Styloid process Styloid process Copy Right- Hongqi Ant.ZHANG-Department surface of radius of Anatomy-Fudanand ulnar University Copy Right- HongqiOlecranon ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Head of radius Neck of radius Radial tuberosity Shaft of ulnar Radius & ulnar Shaft of radius Head of ulnar Styloid process Styloid process Ulnar of radius of ulnar notch Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-DepartmentPost. surface of radius of Anatomy-Fudan and ulnar University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Bones of the hand Carpal 8 Metacarpal 5 Phalangeal 14 Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Carpal bones Proximal row (lateral to medial) S- Scaphoid L- Lunate T- Triquetral P- Pisiform Distal row (lateral to medial) Tm-Trapezium Td- Trapezoid C- Capitate H- Hamate Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-DepartmentCarpal bones of Anatomy-Fudan University Proximal row (lateral to medial) A - Scaphoid B - Lunate C - Triquetral D - Pisiform Distal row (lateral to medial) E -Trapezium F -Trapezoid G -Capitate H -Hamate 1-radius 2- ulnar 3- third metacarpal 4-first metacarpal Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University CopyDescription Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of bones ofof Anatomy-Fudan upper limb University Bone Part Description Scapula • Glenoid fossa • Depression that articulates with humerus • Spine • Long, posterior process for muscle attachment • Acromion process • Articulates with clavicle Clavicle • Acromial end • Articulates with acromion of scapula • Sternal end • Articulates with manubrium of sternum Humerus • Head • Round process that articulates with scapula • Deltoid tubercle • Round process for the deltoid muscle • Posterior, oval depression for the • Olecranon fossa olecranon process of the ulna • Capitulum • Round process superior to radius • Concave surface that articulates Copy Right-• Trochlea Hongqi ZHANG-Departmentwith ulna of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Description of bones of upper limb Bone Part Description Radius • Head • Articulates with the ulna Ulna • Olecranon process • Fits into olecranon fossa of • Semilunar notch humerus • “Half-moon” depression that articulates with the trochlea of ulna Carpals • Scaphoid • Lunate • Proximal row (8) • Triquetrum• Pisiform • Trapezium• Trapezoid • Distal row • Capitate • Hamate Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Joints of the upper limb Joints of should girdle Joints of the free upper limb bone Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Joints between clavicle and trunk bones Acromion Coracoacroial lig. Acromioclavicular joint Coranoid process Sternoclavicular joint The medial end of the clavicle articulate with the manubrium sterni and it is the only joint between the shoulder girdle & axial skeleton.the lateral end articulates with the acromion of the scapula. Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University CopyJoints Right- Hongqibetween ZHANG-Department clavicle of Anatomy-Fudanand trunk University bones Anterior sternoclavicular lig. Interclavicular lig. Costoclavicular lig. Articular disc 1st costal cartilage Sternocostal Manubrium synchondrosis of 1st rib The medial end of the clavicle articulate with the manubrium sterni and it is the only joint between the shoulder girdle & axial skeleton. The lateral end articulates with the acromion of the scapula. Movements: Elevation and depression Forward and backward Rotation and circumduction Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Joints of free upper limb bone The Shoulder joint The Elbow joint The Joint of the ulna & the radius The Wrist joint The Joints of the hand Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University CopyShoulder Right- Hongqi joint-one ZHANG-Department of the of most Anatomy-Fudan important University ones Acromion Classification: Coracohumeral lig. Ball and socket joint Articular Long head of cartilage biceps brachii Multiaxial synovial joint Articular cavity The most flexible joint Glenoid Intertubercular labrum Bones: synovial sheath Articular Head of humerus and capsule Glenoid cavity of scapula Capsule: Thin and lax, especially (lower part) Attachments: Proximal to glenoid labrum Articular capsule Distal to anatomical neck Lower wall of capsule is lax Tendon of long head of biceps brachii Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University CopyShoulder Right- Hongqi joint-one ZHANG-Department of the of most Anatomy-Fudan important University ones Acromioclavicular joint Coracoclavicular lig. Coracoacrominal lig. Sup.transverse scapular lig. Coracohumeral lig. Tendon of supraspinatus Tendon of Articular capsule subscapularis Tendon of long head of biceps Shoulder joint (anterior aspect) Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University CopyShoulder Right- Hongqi joint-one ZHANG-Department of the of most Anatomy-Fudan important University ones Subacromial bursa Coracoacrominal lig. Coracohumeral lig. Tendon of supraspinatus Tendon of long head of biceps sup.glenohumeral lig. Tendon of infraspinatus Mid.glenohumeral lig. Glenoid labrum Tendon of subscapularis Inf.glenohumeral lig. Tendon of teres minor Glenoid cavity Structuer of shoulder joint (sagittal section) Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University CopyShoulder Right- Hongqi joint-one ZHANG-Department of the of most Anatomy-Fudan important University ones Acromion Coracohumeral lig. • Accessory structures Articular Long head of cartilage bieps brachii – Glenoid labrum: Articular cavity Glenoid Coracohumeral lig. Intertubercular labrum synovial sheath Articular • Movements: capsule Flextion, extension, Adduction, abduction, Medial rotation Lateral rotation, Easy to dislolcate to ant. Circumduction and inferior direction Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department ofAnterior Anatomy-Fudan dislocation University of right shoulder CopyElbow Right-