Notes Mem. Hallam Tennyson, Alfred Lord Tennyson: A Memoir (2 vols}, London and New York, r897 RBM R. B. Martin, Tennyson: The Unquiet Heart, New York and Oxford, 1980 Ricks Christopher Ricks (ed.), The Poems of Ten'!)lson, London, 196g r. On the poetic association with which Baumber's Farm is wrongly credited, Tennyson wrote, 'The Moated Grange is an imaginary house in the fen; I never so much as dreamed ofBaumber's farm as the abode ofMariana, and the character ofBaumber was so ludicrously unlike the Northern Farmer, that it really makes me wonder how any one can have the face to invent such stories' (Mem. l.4-5). 2. She gave him £roo p.a. until long after his marriage (RBM. 6o). 3· The hexameters of Leonine verse are divided equally, the word before the caesura rhyming with the last word of the line. 4· 'As for "The Lover's Tale", that was written before I had ever seen a Shelley, though it is called Shelleyan', Tennyson told his son Hallam (Mem. 11.285). Hallam states that the poem was written in r827, when Tennyson was seventeen (Mem. l.48, 11.239}, but the evidence that it was written in his nineteenth year ( r827-8) and worked on at various times until r 832 (Ricks, goo) seems more convincing. Shelley's poetry was discussed at the Cambridge Union in May r829; the Apostles' debate on his poetry took place on 21 November that year, and five days later Sunderland, Hallam, and Milnes travelled to Oxford to argue the superiority ofShelley's poetry to Byron's in an inter-university debate that evening (Peter Allen, The Cambridge Apostles: The Earf;y rears, Cambridge, 1978, p. 50). The fact that little was known about Shelley by the Oxford students lends support to Tennyson's statement. 5· In Maud (II.iv) the invocation is to Christ, as ifTennyson recalled the old lyric 'Westron winde, when wilt thou blow, The smalle raine downe can raine? Crist, if my love wer in my armis, And I in my bed againe.' 6. W. L. Paden, in Ten'!)lson in Egypt: A Stut!J of the Imagery of His Earlier Work, Lawrence, Kan., 1942, p. 157, refers to three peaks that, according to G. S. Faber, were characteristic of holy mountains, and hence oflands of the blest, in mythology. There could be an allusion to the Trinity. 7. Told by William Hazlitt in Sketches of the Principal Picture-Galleries of England (Complete Works, ed. P. P. Howe, vol. X. 68---9). 8. See the note written by Wordsworth on 'The Thorn' for the r8oo edition of Lyrical Ballads. The reference is to judges v.27, the second of the three passages he quotes. 245 A Tennyson Companion 9· For the narrators, see the opening of section i, the passage which follows the song 'Thy voice is heard' and introduces section v, and the cancelled passages: Ricks, 75I, 8oi, I768-9. IO. The statement made by Tennyson late in his life, denying personal feeling in this lyric (Mem. II. 7g)·, suggests that he had forgotten how closely connected it was with regret for Hallam's death. Seep. 22 of'Tennyson's Life' and p. 2gg of 'Epilogue'. II. Undoubtedly a recollection of 'the casement at the dawn of light, Began to show a square of ghastly white' when Hero is about to leap into the sea and join her drowned lover, at the end of Leigh Hunt's 'Hero and Leander'. I2. Tennyson told S. E. Dawson in I882 that these songs were not an afterthought: 'Before the first edition came out, I deliberated with myself whether I should put songs in between the separate divisions of the poem; again I thought the poem will explain itself; but the public did not see that the child, as you say, was the heroine of the piece, and at last I conquered my laziness and inserted them.' I g. See E. F. Shannon, Notes and Q.ueries,june I959· The poem has a Lincolnshire setting, but is 'a simple invention as to place, incidents and people' (Mem. II.g79). I4. For this and other details, seeP. G. Scott, Tennyson's 'Enoch Arden': A Victorian Best-Seller, Lincoln (The Tennyson Society), I970. I5. The Offences against the Person Act (D.J. Palmer (ed.), Tennyson (Writers and their Background), London, I97g, p. I57n]. 16. See 'Wordsworth, Tennyson, and Browning; or, Pure, Ornate, and Grotesque Art in English Poetry', The National Review, November I864, or Walter Bagehot, Literary Studies (vol. 2). I7. Mem. II .89-go. He had begun a poem on Merlin, and composed another on Lancelot's quest for the Holy Grail without writing it down (Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, London, I949, p. 297). I8. See Mem. II.I26-7. For the 'house' metaphor as the body of the soul, cf. Tennyson's poem 'By an Evolutionist'. I9. See Mem. II.I24-5 for the five-act scenario (or Ricks, I46I-2). 20. Compare Tennyson's declaration of january I869 (Mem. II.9o). 21. See Virgil, Georgics, ii.I59--6o. The castled port was Varenna. 22. For the farmer and his abhorrence of 'steam-kettles' (steam-engines of any kind), see Hallam Tennyson, Tennyson and his Friends, London, I9II, p. 27I. 2g. For details see Mem. II.249-51. 24. Cf. Mem. II.25g. 25. On this Tennyson had speculated from boyhood; cf. The Devil and the Lady, II.i (Ricks, go). 26. Mem. II.g88-9. 27. This was written after Tennyson's death- Sir Alfred Lyall, Tennyson (English Men of Letters), London, I9o2, p. 68. 28. See Mem. II.g5, 457, and 'Locksley Hall Sixty Years After', ll.7I-2. 29. Mem. II.5I, 5oo-1. go. Quoted by Nicolson in his Tennyson, London, I92g, pp. I99-200, with one correction, from T. Wemyss Reid, Richard Monckton Milnes, I89o, vol. II, PP· 264-5. gi. H. Bloom, Poetry and Repression, New Haven, Conn., I976, p. I 54, or Elizabeth Notes 247 A. Francis (ed.), Tennyson (Twentieth Century Views), Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1980. 32. The evidence for this is in the British Library (RBM. 562, 614). 33· See Mem. !.314, 324 and ll.374, as commentary on 'Forward, till you see the highest Human Nature is divine' near the end of 'Locksley Hall Sixty Years After'. Appendixes A. FAMILY TREE I. Michael Tennyson Elizabeth Clayton I George Tennyson - Mary Turner I750-I835 I753-I825 I I I I Elizabeth Mary GEORGE CLAYTON Charles 2. George I8o6 (d. I8o6) Frederick I 8o7---g8 =Maria Giuliotti Charles I 8o8-79 = Louisa Sellwood George Clayton ALFRED I 8og---g2 = Emily Sellwood Tennyson Mary I 810-84 = Alan Ker I778-I83I Emily I8I I-8g =Richard Jesse = Elizabeth Fytche Edward I8I3---90 I78I-I865 Arthur I 8 I -gg4 (married twice) Septimus I8I5-66 Matilda I8I6-I9I3 Cecilia I8I 7-Igog =Edmund Lushington Horatio I8Ig-gg (married twice) 3· Alfred Tennyson Emily Sarah Sellwood I8og---g2 I8I3---g6 J I Hallam= Audrey Boyle Lionel = Eleanor Locker I852-I928 I854-86 B. GLOSSARY a he crathur, liquor (Irish) addle, earn curious ry, with care and attention to adit, access detail affiance, trust allow, approve decent, having the required qualities an, if Dim Saesneg, No English (Welsh) anew, enough doffed, took off (his hat) asthore, dear (Irish) doom, judgment baculinum, with a rod eglatere, eglantine bara, bread (Welsh) eld, old age barne, child embattail, arm for battle battle-twig, earwig 'enemies, anemones baulks, beams ryne, eyes beiil, bellow, bawl belt, built jar-weltered, lying on its back (sheep) blow, bloom fealty, loyalty boggle, phantom, goblin (in) fee, (as a) rightful and undisputed boor-tree, elder tree possession boughts, folds fell, fierce brewis, broth jere, companion brig, bridge fewmets, droppings broach, roasting-spit flayfiint, skinflint bublin', unfledged bird forrards, forward, on burn, born; stream Jrith, firth, estuary butter-bump, bittern frore, frozen, icy-cold buz;:.ard-clock, cockchafer fun', found just, first; fast, firmly fixed casselty, casualty, chance Caucasian, Indo-European gaudy-day, holiday chouse, deceive, dupe (a- )gawming, staring vacantly clat, mess; dirty (verb) ghostry man, priest claumbs, climbs glimmer-gowk, owl clem, clutch gnarr, snarl clench, fasten goodry, handsome clerk, cleric gossoon, lad clomb, climbed graff, graft clump, sole gride, scrape, grate conceit, reasoning costrel, bottle hung from the waist haft, handle cotched, caught hallus, always 249 A Tennyson Companion happt, wrapped Norland, belonging to the North hawmin', lounging nowt, Nowt, nothing, Nonentity hern, heron ( h)erse, horse offices, duties hesp, fasten offset, offspring hest, bidding, command or, gold tincture hight, named ouzel, blackbird hoickt, lifted (freed) oyer et terminer, hear and determine hopple, hobble, tie owd:farraned, old-fashioned house/, Eucharist owt, anything howry, dirty huck, hip parcel, part hu::,z, cause to hum or buzz passing, surpassing periscelides, garters ivin, ivy pight, pitched pike, peak kennel, gutter platan, plane tree knave, boy, servant poach, trample punctum saliens, beating heart of an langued gules, red-tongued incipient foetus leal, loyal let, hinder, prevent quid, plug of tobacco /ether, ladder lief, dear raiite, rates paid for the maintenance of Iiefer, liever, rather Church of England buildings lig, lie raiive, cut, break up light!J, quickly rathe, early lurdane, heavy ravin, ravenous reboant, rebellowing maiit, maii;:;e, confuse, bewilder reck, care malkin, mawkin, wench, slut reckling, very small babe manchet, finest wheaten bread remble, clear, remove mander, manner respeciant, looking back mash, smash roky, misty midders, meadows round, quick, brisk moiint, mustn't moiistlins, generally saiitne, lard moiled, worried sacring, consecration morions, steel helmets scran, luck mowt, might, could screeiid, shrieked mun, must seed, saw murphy, potato sen, self sennight, week na, than sewer-!J, surely nathless, nevertheless shebeen, grog-shop (Irish) nebulones, idle rascals (get) shut (on),