Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 52320-002 July 2021 Final Timor-Leste: Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport Expansion Project Volume 1 Main Report Prepared by the Ministry of Transport and Communications and the Asian Development Bank. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport Expansion Project, Timor-Leste Environmental Impact Assessment (Final) Date: 22 July 2021 Issue and Revision Record Revision Date Originator Approver Description 1.0 25 February N. Skinner N. Skinner First draft 2021 2.0 22 March 2021 N. Skinner N. Skinner Second draft incorporating comments from GoTL and SDSS 3.0 23 March 2021 N. Skinner N. Skinner Incorporating comments from IMWG 4.0 5 July 2021 N. Skinner N. Skinner All final ADB comments and instrumental monitoring results 5.0 22 July 2021 N. Skinner N. Skinner Updated with responses to final IMWG comments. Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport Expansion Project, Timor-Leste Environmental Impact Assessment Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 10 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................................... 10 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................................................................................ 10 ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................................................................................................ 11 DESCRIPTION OF KEY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................ 12 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 13 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL AUDIT ................................................................................................................................... 18 PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES AND RESIDUAL IMPACTS ............................................................................................. 19 CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE ....................................................................................................................................... 23 RESIDUAL IMPACTS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 25 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 26 1.1. PROJECT BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................................... 26 1.2. PROJECT OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................... 26 1.2.1. Project Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26 1.2.2. Project Impact, Outcome and Outputs ........................................................................................................................... 26 1.2.3. Project Implementation ........................................................................................................................................................ 26 1.3. PURPOSE OF THE EIA REPORT ................................................................................................................................. 27 1.4. CATEGORY OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................................................................... 27 1.5. REPORT STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................................................. 27 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .................................................. 29 2.1. NATIONAL CONSTITUTION .................................................................................................................................... 29 2.2. NATIONAL EIA LEGISLATION .................................................................................................................................. 29 2.2.1. Screening and Scoping ......................................................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.2. Environmental Impact Assessment .................................................................................................................................. 30 2.3. OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS ............................................................................................................................. 31 2.3.1. Biodiversity Law ...................................................................................................................................................................... 31 2.3.2. UNTAET Regulation No. 19/2000 on Protected Areas............................................................................................ 32 2.3.3. Draft Decree Law on Forest Management, draft 7, received August 2013 ...................................................... 32 2.3.4. Decree Law 6/2004 On General Bases of the Legal Regime for Fisheries and Aquaculture Management and Regulation (amended by Decree Law 4/2005) ..................................................................................................................... 32 2.3.5. Water and Sanitation........................................................................................................................................................... 32 2.4. SOCIAL LEGISLATION ................................................................................................................................................ 33 2.4.1. Decree-Law No. 33/2008 on Hygiene and Public Order ........................................................................................ 33 2.4.2. Land Laws ................................................................................................................................................................................ 33 2.4.3. Gender and Gender Based Violence................................................................................................................................ 34 2.4.4. Social Assessment and Indigenous People ..................................................................................................................... 36 2.4.5. Tourism ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 37 2.5. HEALTH AND SAFETY LEGISLATION ........................................................................................................................ 37 2.5.1. Law 4/2012 Labor Code ..................................................................................................................................................... 37 2.5.2. Basic Law on Civil Aviation (Decree-Law No.1 2003 of March 10) .................................................................... 37 2.6. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND AGREEMENTS .......................................................................................... 38 2.7. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS ............................................................................................ 38 2.7.1. Air Quality and Emissions ................................................................................................................................................... 38 2.7.2. Water Quality ......................................................................................................................................................................... 39 2.7.3. Noise .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 40 2.7.4. Vibration ................................................................................................................................................................................... 40 2.7.5. Safety ........................................................................................................................................................................................