MINERAL RESOURCES AND RESERVES REPORT 2018 CONTENTS What’s inside 01 Definitions 1 02 Resource-reserve categorisation 1 03 Assmang 2 Manganese mines 3 Iron ore mines 12 04 Assore subsidiary companies 20 Chromite mines 20 Pyrophyllite mine 30 MINERAL RESOURCES AND RESERVES REPORT DEFINITIONS A “Mineral Resource” is a concentration or occurrence of material of economic interest in or on the earth’s crust in such form, quality and quantity that there are reasonable and realistic prospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, continuity and other geological characteristics of a Mineral Resource are known, or estimated from specific geological evidence, sampling and knowledge interpreted from an appropriately constrained and portrayed geological model. Mineral Resources are subdivided, and must be so reported, in order of increasing confidence in respect of geoscientific evidence, into Inferred, Indicated or Measured categories. An “Inferred Mineral is that part of a Mineral Resource for which volume or tonnage, grade and mineral content can be estimated Resource” with only a low level of confidence. It is inferred from geological evidence and sampling and assumed but not verified geologically or through analysis of grade continuity. It is based on information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that may be limited in scope or of uncertain quality and reliability. An “Indicated Mineral is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and Resource” mineral content can be estimated with a reasonable level of confidence. It is based on information from exploration, sampling and testing of material gathered from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes. The locations are too widely or inappropriately spaced to confirm geological or grade continuity but are spaced closely enough for continuity to be assumed. A “Measured Mineral is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and Resource” mineral content can be estimated with a high level of confidence. It is based on detailed and reliable information from exploration, sampling and testing of material from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes. The locations are spaced closely enough to confirm geological and grade continuity. A “Mineral Reserve” is the economically mineable material derived from a Measured or Indicated Mineral Resource or both. It includes diluting and contaminating materials and allows for losses that are expected to occur when the material is mined. Appropriate assessments to a minimum of a Pre-feasibility Study for a project and a Life-of-Mine (LoM) Plan for an operation must have been completed, including consideration of, and modification by, realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors (the modifying factors). Such modifying factors must be disclosed. A “Probable Mineral is the economically mineable material derived from a Measured or Indicated Mineral Resource or both. It is Reserve” estimated with a lower level of confidence than a Proved Mineral Reserve. It includes diluting and contaminating materials and allows for losses that are expected to occur when the material is mined. Appropriate assessments to a minimum of a Pre-feasibility Study for a project or a LoM Plan for an operation must have been carried out, including consideration of, and modification by, realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors. Such modifying factors must be disclosed. A “Proved Mineral is the economically mineable material derived from a Measured Mineral Resource. It is estimated with a high Reserve” level of confidence. It includes diluting and contaminating materials and allows for losses that are expected to occur when the material is mined. Appropriate assessments to a minimum of a Pre-feasibility Study for a project or a LoM Plan for an operation must have been carried out, including consideration of, and modification by, realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors. Such modifying factors must be disclosed. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPLORATION RESULTS, MINERAL RESOURCES AND MINERAL RESERVES EXPLORATION RESULTS MINERAL RESOURCES MINERAL RESERVES Increasing Reported as in situ Reported as mineable mineralisation estimates level of production estimates geoscientific INFERRED knowledge INDICATED PROBABLE MEASURED PROVED and confidence Consideration of mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors (the modifying factors). Assore Mineral Resources and Reserves report 2018 1 MINERAL RESOURCES AND RESERVES REPORT continued ASSMANG COMPETENCE worked at RioZim’s Renco Gold Mine for Natural Scientist (PrSciNat) in the field of The Competent Person with overall 14 years in various capacities as Geologist, practice of geological science, registration responsibility for the compilation of the Technical Services Superintendent and number 400164/05. He has a total of 2018 Mineral Resources and Mineral Mine Manager. In 2005, he joined Anglo 28 years’ experience in various aspects of Reserves Report is Shepherd Kadzviti American Platinum at Union Mine as an Mining and Exploration Geology, database (PrSciNat), an African Rainbow Minerals Evaluation Geologist with responsibilities management and Mineral Resource (ARM) employee working at the ARM for geological database management and estimation and as such is considered to be corporate office. He confirms that the Mineral Resource estimation. After two a Competent Person. SACNASP is based in information in this report complies with years at the mine, he was transferred to the Management Enterprise Building, Mark the SAMREC Code and that it may be the Anglo American Platinum corporate Shuttleworth Street, Innovation Hub, published in the form and context in which office where he was appointed Resource Pretoria, 0087, South Africa. it was intended. Geologist. He then joined ARM as Mineral Resources Specialist in 2008, and was All Competent Persons at ARM corporate Shepherd Kadzviti graduated with a BSc in involved in the evaluation of the various office and the operations have sufficient Geology and Mathematics and a MSc in mineral deposits for the group. In 2012, he relevant experience in the type of deposit Exploration Geology from the University of was appointed group Mineral Resources and in the activity for which they have Zimbabwe. He later completed a Graduate Manager for ARM. He is registered with the taken responsibility. Details of Assmang’s Diploma in Mining Engineering (GDE) at the South African Council for Natural Scientific Competent Persons are available from the University of the Witwatersrand. He Professions (SACNASP) as a Professional Company Secretary on written request. The following ARM corporate office Competent Persons were involved in compiling some aspects of the Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves report or general review of the report. They are employed by ARM. ARM corporate office Competent Person Professional organisation Membership number Qualifications Relevant experience C Schlegel SACNASP 400149/90 BSc, BSc Hons (Geology), 32 years MSc (Geology) M Mabuza SACNASP 400081/94 BSc, BSc Hons (Geology), 28 years MSc (Geology), GDE (Mining Engineering) V Moyo SACNASP 400305/11 BSc, BSc Hons (Geology), 21 years MSc (Project Management) R Jooste SACNASP 400163/05 BSc, BSc Hons (Geology), 17 years MEng (Mining Engineering) All the Competent Persons consent to the inclusion of the exploration results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves information in this report, in the form and context in which it appears. Shepherd Kadzviti (PrSciNat) Group Mineral Resources Manager African Rainbow Minerals 24 Impala Road, Chislehurston, Sandton, South Africa 30 October 2018 ASSMANG OPERATIONS Assmang operations comprise Black Rock Manganese Mines as well as Khumani and Beeshoek Iron Ore Mines. 2 Assore Mineral Resources and Reserves report 2018 MINERAL RESOURCES AND RESERVES REPORT continued ASSMANG continued Manganese mines LOCALITY LOCALITY OF BLACK ROCK MANGANESE OPERATION Black Rock Manganese Mines encompass Nchwaning and Gloria Mines which are situated approximately 80 kilometres BOTSWANA north-west of the town of Kuruman in the Black Rock Northern Cape province of South Africa. Mine Operations Located at latitude 27°07’50”S longitude 22°50’50”E, the mines are accessed via the national N14 route between Johannesburg NORTH and Kuruman, and the provincial R31 road. WEST Frylinckspan Concordia Nchwaning 3 and Nchwaning 2 (including Graben Area) shafts are situated on portions of Nchwaning 267, Belgravia 264 Andriesvale Van Zylsrus and Santoy 230 farms while Gloria Mine is Askham Black Rock on Portion 1 of Gloria 266. The Nchwaning Sonstraal and the adjoining Gloria Mining Rights are Tswalu Kalahari Mothibistat bounded by the farms Wessels 227, Reserve Hotazel Dibiaghomo 226 and Dikgathlong 268 in the north, Rhodes 269, East 270 and Kipling Kuruman 271 in the east, Umtu 281 and Mukulu 265 Dibeng to the south. Kathu Dingleton Olifantshoek Danielshuil N 14 Beeshoek Postmasburg HISTORY In 1940, The Associated Manganese Mines of South Africa acquired a manganese ore outcrop on a small hillock