Cover and Section Photo credits Cover Photo: “Petronas Twin Towers” (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) by David Davies is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. https://www.flickr. com/photos/davies/6843461754/in/faves-63479458@N04/ Country Overview Section Photo: “Leeks” (Farmer near Kiau Village, Western Sabah, Malaysia) by David McCormick is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/wiingy/15935098334/in/faves-63479458@N04/ Disaster Overview Section Photo: “Loading Oil Palm Fruit” (Sabah, Malaysia) by CIFOR is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. https:// www.flickr.com/photos/cifor/14602108536/in/faves-63479458@N04/ Organizational Structure for Disaster Management Section Photo: “CARAT Malaysia 2015” (Maj. Ben Reid, commander of the Marine landing force, talks to members of the Malaysian Army in the well deck of the amphibious dock landing ship USS Germantown [LSD 42] during Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training [CARAT] Malaysia. August 2015.) U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Will Gaskill/Released. https://www.flickr.com/photos/compacflt/20485721588/in/faves-63479458@N04/ Infrastructure Section Photo: “Team Work/Malaysia” (Kuala Krai District in Kelantan, Malaysia) by CDC Global is licensed under CC BY 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/cdcglobal/16671352943/in/faves-63479458@N04/ Health Section Photo: “Medical/Surgical Operative Photography” (Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia) by Phalinn Ooi is licensed under CC BY 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/phalinn/8116060396/in/faves-63479458@N04/ Conclusion Section Photo: “Tea Plantations” (Cameron Highlands, Malaysia) by Christian Junker is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisjunker/5226171269/in/faves-63479458@N04/ Appendices Section Photo: “Malaysia” (Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia) by MM is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. https://www.flickr. com/photos/43423301@N07/3998436796/in/faves-63479458@N04/ 2 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Table of Contents Executive Summary .........................................................................................12 Country Overview .............................................................................................................. 13 Culture .............................................................................................................................. 15 Demographics .................................................................................................................. 15 Ethnic Makeup ........................................................................................................... 15 Key Population Centers ............................................................................................. 16 Language .................................................................................................................... 16 Religion ...................................................................................................................... 17 Vulnerable Groups ..................................................................................................... 17 Economics ........................................................................................................................ 18 Environment .................................................................................................................... 19 Geography .................................................................................................................. 19 Borders ....................................................................................................................... 20 Climate ....................................................................................................................... 20 Disaster Overview ............................................................................................21 Hazards ............................................................................................................................ 22 Recent History of Natural Disasters .......................................................................... 26 Climate Change.......................................................................................................... 27 Infectious Disease ...................................................................................................... 28 Endemic Conditions .................................................................................................. 28 Malaysia Disaster Management Reference Handbook | 2016 3 Organizational Structure for Disaster Management ............................................31 Government ..................................................................................................................... 35 Disaster Management Organizations in Malaysia .......................................................... 38 Community Based Disaster Risk Management in Malaysia ........................................... 39 International Agencies in Malaysia ................................................................................. 39 U.S. Government Agencies in Malaysia ........................................................................... 41 Participation in International Organizations ................................................................. 42 Foreign Disaster Relief and Emergency Response ......................................................... 43 Laws, Policies, and Plans on Disaster Management ...................................................... 43 Malaysia National Platform and Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction .............. 44 Education and Training ................................................................................................... 45 Disaster Management Communications ........................................................................ 46 Early Warning Systems .............................................................................................. 46 Responsible Agencies for Flood and Storm Warning ............................................... 47 Military Role in Disaster Relief......................................................................................... 47 Foreign Assistance and International Partnering .......................................................... 48 United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot ....................................................... 49 Infrastructure ..................................................................................................51 Airports ............................................................................................................................. 52 Seaports ........................................................................................................................... 52 Land Routes ..................................................................................................................... 55 Roads .......................................................................................................................... 55 Bridges ....................................................................................................................... 56 Railways ..................................................................................................................... 56 Waterways .................................................................................................................. 57 Schools ............................................................................................................................. 57 Communications ............................................................................................................. 57 4 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Utilities ............................................................................................................................. 58 Power ......................................................................................................................... 58 Water and Sanitation ................................................................................................. 58 Health .............................................................................................................59 Health Overview .............................................................................................................. 60 Structure .......................................................................................................................... 60 Health Care System ......................................................................................................... 65 Challenges in the Healthcare System ............................................................................. 65 Communicable Diseases ................................................................................................. 65 Non-Communicable Diseases ......................................................................................... 65 Cooperation for Health .................................................................................................... 65 Conclusion ......................................................................................................67 Appendices ......................................................................................................69 Department of Defense DMHA Engagements in the Past Five Years (FY 2010-2015) .... 70 Force Protection/Pre-Deployment