&&&SS5H 55S? W& CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON YEAR BOOK No. 11 1912 PUBLISHED BY THE INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, U. S. A. WASHINGTON, D. C. PRESS OF JUDD & DETWEILER, INC. 33 7 O OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1913. President of the Institution Robert S. Woodward Trustees John S. Billings, Chairman Elihu Root, Vice-Chairman Cleveland H. Dodge, Secretary John S. Billings Seth Low William H. Taft Robert S. Brookings S. Weir Mitchell Charles D. Walcott John L. Cadwalader Andrew J. Montague Henry P. Walcott Cleveland H. Dodge William W. Morrow William H. Welch Simon Flexner Wm. Barclay Parsons Andrew D. White William N. Frew Henry S. Pritchett George W. Wickersham Henry L. Higginson Elihu Root Robert S. Woodward Charles L. Hutchinson Martin A. Ryerson Executive Committee William H. Welch, Chairman *John S. Billings Wm. Barclay Parsons William H. Welch Cleveland H. Dodge Elihu Root * Robert S. Woodward S. Weir Mitchell Charles D. Walcott Finance Committee Seth Low, Chairman Henry S. Pritchett Henry L. Higginson Auditing Committee Robert S. Brookings Charles L- Hutchinson George W. Wickersham * Ex-officio member. Ill CONTENTS. Page Articles of Incorporation ix-xii By-Laws of the Institution xiii-xvi Minutes of the eleventh meeting of the Board of Trustees 1-4 Report of the President of the Institution 5-28 Report of the Executive Committee 29-38 Financial statement 33~37 Report of the Auditor 38 Bibliography of publications relating to work accomplished by Grantees and Associates 39-46 Reports on Investigations and Projects: Department of Botanical Research 49-76 Department of Economics and Sociology 77-82 Department of Experimental Evolution 83-93 Geophysical Laboratory 94-107 Department of Historical Research 108-117 Department of Marine Biology 118-164 Department of Meridian Astrometry 165-171 Mount Wilson Solar Observatory 172-213 Nutrition Laboratory 214-229 Department of Terrestrial Magnetism 230-238 Other Investigations : Archeology : American School of Classical Studies at Athens 239 Brigham, William T 239 Van Deman, Esther B 239-241 Bibliography : Garrison, Fielding H 241 Chemistry : Acree, S. F 241-243 Baxter, Gregory P 243-247 Jones, Harry C 247-250 Morse, H.N 250-252 Noyes, Arthur A 252-253 Richards, Theodore W 253-256 Sherman, H. C 256-257 Geology : Chamberlin, T. C 258 History: Bandelier, Adolf F 258-260 Osgood, Herbert L 260 Classics of International Law : Scott, James Brown 260-261 VI CONTENTS. Reports on Investigations and Projects—continued: Page Literature : Bergen, Henry 262-263 Sommer, H. Oskar 263 Mathematics : Dickson, L. E 263 Lehmer, D. N 263 Morley, Frank 264 Mathematical Physics : Moulton, F. R 264-266 Meteorology : Bjerknes, V 266 Nutrition : Osborne, Thomas B., and L. B. Mendel 266-269 Paleontology : Case, E. C 269-270 Hay, Oliver P 270 Wieland, G. R 270-271 Philology : Loew, E. A 271 Physics : Barus, Carl 271-274 Howe, Henry M 274-275 Nichols, Edward L 275-277 Physiology : Loeb, Leo 277 Reichert, E. T 277 Political Science : Rowe, Leo S 278 Zoology : Castle, W. E 278-279 Gudger, E. W 279 Naples Zoological Station 279-280 Riddle, Oscar 280 Index 281-294 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Plates. Facing page Plate i. Caravan resting in Ascent from Baharia Basin, Libyan Desert 54 Plate 2. Fig. i. The new Laboratory Building in July 1912 120 Fig. 2. The new Machine Shop at Tortugas, July 1912 120 Plate 3. Map of Golding Cay Entrance, Andros Island, Bahamas 124 Plate 4. Photographs of Saturn, 191 1 196 Plates. Pasadena Office Building 212 Plate 6. Fig. 1. View of Magnetic Station at Christmas Cove, Kangaroo Island, South Australia 234 Fig. 2. Magnetic Station at Lop Buri, Siam, near Ancient Palace 234 Fig. 3. Magnetic Party en route in the Andes 234 Plate 7. The Magnetic Work of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, 1905-12. (Projected cruise of the Carnegie, October 1912 to October 1913: Tahiti— Coronel— Stanley Harbor—various ports and is- lands Atlantic Ocean—New York) 238 Text Figure. Effects of Hurricane of October 17, 1910, at Loggerhead Key 127 VII ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION. The Carnegie Institution was originally organized under the law governing the organization of corporations in the District of Columbia. Owing to certain limitations in the law, the Trustees deemed it desirable to obtain articles of incorporation from the Congress. Accordingly, articles of incor- poration were prepared, submitted to the Congress, amended by the Congress, and enacted into statute by the Congress and the signature of the President. Organization under the new articles of incorporation was effected on May 1 8, 1904. Resolutions were passed electing the same Executive Committee and officers as those of the Carnegie Institution organized in 1902 and con- tinuing all instructions and authorizations given to the Executive Committee by the old organization. Public No. 260. —An Act To incorporate the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the persons following, being persons who are now trustees of the Carnegie Institution, namely, Alexander Agassiz, John S. Billings, John L. Cadwalader, Cleveland H. Dodge, William N. Frew, Lyman J. Gage, Daniel C. Gilman, John Hay, Henry L. Higginson, William Wirt Howe, Charles L. Hutchinson, Samuel P. Langley, William Lindsay, Seth Low, Wayne MacVeagh, Darius O. Mills, S. Weir Mitchell, William W. Morrow, Ethan A. Hitchcock, EHhu Root, John C. Spooner, Andrew D. White, Charles D. Walcott, Carroll D. Wright, their associates and successors, duly chosen, are hereby incorporated and declared to be a body corporate by the name of the Carnegie Institution of Washington and by that name shall be known and have perpetual succession, with the powers, limitations, and restrictions herein contained. Sec. 2. That the objects of the corporation shall be to encourage, in the broadest and most liberal manner, investigation, research, and discovery, and the application of knowledge to the improvement of mankind; and in particular— (a) To conduct, endow, and assist investigation in any department of science, literature, or art, and to this end to cooperate with governments, universities, colleges, technical schools, learned societies, and individuals. (b) To appoint committees of experts to direct special lines of research. (c) To publish and distribute documents. (d) To conduct lectures, hold meetings and acquire and maintain a library. IX x carnegie; institution of Washington. (e) To purchase such property, real or personal, and construct such build- ing or buildings as may be necessary to carry on the work of the corporation. (f) In general, to do and perform all things necessary to promote the objects of the institution, with full power, however, to the trustees herein- after appointed and their successors from time to time to modify the condi- tions and regulations under which the work shall be carried on, so as to secure the application of the funds in the manner best adapted to the con- ditions of the time, provided that the objects of the corporation shall at all times be among the foregoing or kindred thereto. Sec. 3. That the direction and management of the affairs of the corpora- tion and the control and disposal of its property and funds shall be vested in a board of trustees, twenty-two in number, to be composed of the follow- ing individuals : Alexander Agassiz, John S. Billings, John L. Cadwalader, Cleveland H. Dodge, William N. Frew, Lyman J. Gage, Daniel C. Gilman, John Hay, Henry L. Higginson, William Wirt Howe, Charles L. Hutchinson, Samuel P. Langley, William Lindsay, Seth Low, Wayne MacVeagh, Darius O. Mills, S. Weir Mitchell, William W. Morrow, Ethan A. Hitchcock, Elihu Root, John C. Spooner, Andrew D. White, Charles D. Walcott, Carroll D. Wright, who shall constitute the first board of trustees. The board of trus- tees shall have power from time to time to increase its membership to not more than twenty-seven members. Vacancies occasioned by death, resigna- tion, or otherwise shall be filled by the remaining trustees in such manner as the shall and the so elected shall by-laws prescribe ; persons thereupon become trustees and also members of the said corporation. The principal place of business of the said corporation shall be the city of Washington, in the District of Columbia- Sec 4. That such board of trustees shall be entitled to take, hold and administer the securities, funds, and property so transferred by said Andrew Carnegie to the trustees of the Carnegie Institution and such other funds or property as may at any time be given, devised, or bequeathed to them, or to such for the of the trust and with full corporation, purposes ; power from time to time to adopt a common seal, to appoint such officers, members of the board of trustees or otherwise, and such employees as may be deemed necessary in carrying on the business of the corporation, at such salaries or with such remuneration as they may deem proper; and with full power to adopt by-laws from time to time and such rules or regulations as may be necessary to secure the safe and convenient transaction of the business of the and with full discretion to deal with and corporation ; power and expend the income of the corporation in such manner as in their judgment will best promote the objects herein set forth and in general to have and use all powers and authority necessary to promote such objects and carry out the purposes of the donor. The said trustees shall have further power from time to time ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION. XI to hold as investments the securities hereinabove referred to so transferred by Andrew Carnegie, and any property which has been or may be transferred to them or such corporation by Andrew Carnegie or by any other person, persons, or corporation, and to invest any sums or amounts from time to time in such securities and in such form and manner as are permitted to trustees or to charitable or literary corporations for investment, according to the laws of the States of New York, Pennsylvania, or Massachusetts, or in such securities as are authorized for investment by the said deed of trust so executed by Andrew Carnegie, or by any deed of gift or last will and testament to be hereafter made or executed.