Because of the physical obstructions, witness positions and testimony, a throat wound did not come from a rifle shot from the North Sewer Drain. The FRONT SHOT TO THE THROAT: Analysis of the Phil Willis Photo #5 President Kennedy is at Zapruder Film Frame 202 Phil Willis Photo #5 / Z202 Mr. WILLIS: No, sir; I took that picture just seconds before the first shot was fired, to get back close up. Then I started down the street, and the regular weekly edition of Life magazine came out and shows me in about three different pictures going down the street. Then my next shot was taken at the very--in fact, the shot caused me to squeeze the camera shutter, and I got a picture of the President as he was hit with the first shot. So instantaneous, in fact, that the crowd hadn't had time to react. WC Testimony. The FRONT SHOT TO THROAT: The initial positions of witnesses on the Grassy Knoll are identified below as President Kennedy emerges from behind the Stemmons Freeway Sign in the Z Film. This is the Phil Willis Photo 5 /Z202. If Mr. Willis’ testimony is accurate, this is the moment that JFK was hit in the throat. At this point in time, only the South Knoll provides a trajectory shot to JFK’s throat. Zapruder Black Dog Man / BDM Gordon Arnold? & Sitzman Or two Emmett Hudson people? Woman with baby Jerry Williamson JFK Z202 At Z202 in the Willis Photo 5, these eight (or 9) individuals appear in this photo. WITH THESE SAID INDIVIDUALS AT THESE POSITIONS, THERE IS NO POSSIBLE WAY FOR THE THROAT SHOT TO HAVE HIT PRESIDENT KENNEDY WHILE BEING FIRED FROM THE NORTH SEWER DRAIN OR FROM BEHIND THE WOODEN FENCE DIRECTLY BEHIND THE WHITE CONCRETE WALL ON THE INFAMOUS GRASSY KNOLL. THE REASON FOR THIS IS THAT THESE EIGHT INDIVIDUALS (IDENTIFIED ABOVE WITH ARROWS & CAPTIONS) WOULD HAVE BEEN EITHER HIT BY THIS SHOT OR STARTLED INTO A DEFENSIVE OR PROTECTIVE POSITION. NONE REACT IN THIS MANNER until after Z313. AS THE MOORMAN, MUCHMORE, NIX AND WILLIS PHOTOGRAPHS AND FILMS ILLUSTRATE, PROTECTIVE OR DEFENSIVE MOVEMENTS BY THESE SAID INDIVIDUALS NEVER TOOK PLACE UNTIL AFTER Z313. North Sewer Drain is out of view Six possible shooting trajectories to & concrete buttress by the Triple the President’s throat would hit or Underpass / witnesses standing travel near six possible witnesses. there see no sniper in drain. None attest to this happening. JFK Whether A SHOT WAS FIRED AT The President from the Triple Underpass, The North Sewer Drain, The Wooden Fence behind the Grassy Knoll, or the Street Level Sewer Drain on the North Side of Elm Street, NOT ONE WITNESS CLAIMED THAT THE INITIAL SHOT THAT THEY HEARD OR REACTED TO BEING FIRED WAS EVER SHOT FROM THE FRONT POSITION TO THE RIGHT SIDE OF PRESIDENT KENNEDY before Z313. WHETHER THESE SHOTS WERE SHOTS FIRED FROM BEHIND THEM OR TO THEIR IMMEDIATE LEFT OR RIGHT POSITION, NONE OF THESE WITNESSES REACTED IN A DEFENSIVE OR PROTECTIVE MOVEMENT OR POSITION BEFORE Z313. This includes the DCM (Dark Complexion Man, who would have been directly at or near the line of fire) WHILE MANY of these WITNESSES CLAIMED THAT THE FINAL HEAD SHOTS WERE TAKEN OVER THEIR HEADS, WITHIN EAR SHOT OR TO THEIR IMMEDIATE LEFT OR RIGHT CAUSING THEM TO TAKE DEFENSIVE OR PROTECTIVE POSITIONS, THE INTIAL SHOT TO THE PRESIDENT’S THROAT NEVER CAUSED THEM TO TAKE ACTION BEFORE Z313. THE LOGICAL REASON IS THAT THE SHOT WAS TAKEN FROM SOME OTHER POSITION FACING THE PRESIDENT. THE THROAT SHOT WAS NOT TAKEN FROM ANY TRAJECTORY ON THE NORTHSIDE OF ELM STREET. The Willis #5 Photo and the yellow line drawn on it represents the throat shot from the South Knoll passing through the windshield at the left of the rear view mirror. REFUTATION ONE: RIFLE SHOT FROM NORTH SEWER DRAIN AND CONCRETE ABUTTMENT TO THE TRIPLE UNDERPASS: Witnesses Sam Holland and Richard Dodd testified and gave video testimony to Mark Lane, documentary Rush To Judgment, that from their positions on the Triple Underpass (POV looking at JFK Limo ~ on the north side of the Triple Underpass directly over Elm Street / Main Street) that NO RIFLE SHOT WAS FIRED FROM THE NORTH SEWER DRAIN OR THE (Northside of Elm Street) CONCRETE ABUTTMENT NEXT TO THE TRIPLE UNDERPASS when President Kennedy was initially hit by a shot in the throat and when the fatal head shot occurred. While the shot from the North Sewer Drain would have been an excellent position for the fatal head shot, it was a difficult shot at best to the President’s throat. To further dispute the North Sewer Drain shot location: an analysis of Willis 5 (which corresponds to Z202) and Frame Z225 makes the trajectory impossible. Vertical Black Line below illustrates the edge of the white concrete wall on The Grassy Knoll. A shot from the N. Sewer Drain was impossible at Z202. Blue arrow points to Vertical Black Line. DCM JFK First, in the above photo Willis 5 / Z202, President Kennedy is blocked from Zapruder’s camera view, but he is completely obscured from the North Sewer Drain position. The Dark Complexion Man with the hat on has yet to raise his hand. Whether the DCM was a signal for the assassins or not, he has yet to move at Z202. More importantly, it appears that in the previous photo that the President would have had to be almost past the DCM for an unobstructed view for the sniper from the North Sewer Drain to take place. This positioning never occurs as the photo of Z225 illustrates below. Additionally, if Gordon Arnold leaped to the ground for safety when a bullet passed by his left ear, why didn’t the DCM move for safety if the first shot / front shots came from the wooden fence area or the North Sewer Drain before he raised his arm. The bullet would have passed no more than 1 to three feet from his head making some type of sound or creating some type of sound wave disturbance that he would have had to react to feeling it. However, the only thing DCM did was simply raise his arm. A shot at JFK’s throat from the wooden fence at a point in time from Z202 (Willis 5) and Z225 (above) would have had to avoid the umbrella man’s umbrella and not create a sonic wave to disturb either the umbrella man and/or the DCM (orange arrows pointing at DCM head and hand). While the shot trajectory from the wooden fence is perhaps possible (inside blue arrows), the shot did not affect either person. Neither the umbrella man nor the DCM’s hand/arm ever moved. DCM’s raised hand and arm. DCM’s head In the above photo of Z225, we see that the President has been hit in the throat (Z224- 225), and he is reacting to the shot. The DCM man is at the far bottom right (POV) holding up his arm. The President has not passed the DCM as referenced in the Willis Photo 5 on the previous page. It can be concluded that because the President has not passed the DCM that he could not be hit from a North Sewer Drain shot. Therefore, the North Sewer Drain was not a position for the front rifle shot to the President’s throat. In Z 226, the DCM’s hand is clearly seen in the frame. DCM’s head with cap on can be seen here, and DCM’s head somewhat obscures the view of the wheel hubcap on the limousine. REFUTATION TWO: RIFLE SHOT FROM BEHIND THE WOODEN FENCE ON THE GRASSY KNOLL TO PRESIDENT KENNEDY’S THROAT. After reviewing the previous photographs denoting individuals and images in the proximity of the potential rifle shot positions, not ONE WITNESS, IMAGE OR PERSON presented in the earlier photos WAS EITHER HIT OR TOOK AN IMMEDIATE DEFENSIVE OR PROTECTIVE POSITION from the effects of any possible shots to the President’s throat FROM BEHIND THE WOODEN FENCE. As investigation of these possible rifle positions continues, it will become self- evident that the initial shot to President Kennedy’s Throat did not come from THIS POSITION: FROM BEHIND THE WOODEN FENCE ON THE GRASSY KNOLL. Photo analysis on the next pages illustrates this refutation. Black Dog Man or Man Three Woman with baby JFK In this stretched version of Betzner 3 Photo, the BDM/Man Three and another image (Woman with baby) are seen behind the white concrete wall. (Black arrows and captions) BDM / Man Three Woman with baby Zapruder & Sitzman JFK In this uncropped photo (above) and cropped photo (next page) / Betzner Photo 3, the images of BDM/Man Three and Woman with baby can be seen. (black arrows) Additionally, within the yellow triangle, it has been postulated that a shot to the throat may have been taken from behind Zapruder & Sitzman. However, not one witness standing on the North Elm Street curb reacted to any bullet whizzing by their head and hitting JFK in the throat. BDM/Man Three Zapruder Gordon Arnold? (1) Marilyn Sitzman Woman with baby Possibly Gordon Arnold? BDM / Man Three Woman with baby Gordon Arnold? Cropped and close up version of Betzner Photo 3 (above) THE VERTICAL/PERPENDICULAR BLACK LINES IN THE ABOVE TWO PHOTOS are THE APPROXIMATE EDGE OF THE GRASSY KNOLL WOODEN FENCE. It must be noted that Gordon Arnold has stated in testimony and photographs that his position is at the location in these photos marked by the orange arrow (1).