DOCUMENT RESUME ED 446 656 HE 033 508 AUTHOR Jeong-kyu, Lee TITLE Historic Factors Influencing Korean Higher Education. Korean Studies Series, No. 17. ISBN ISBN-0-9705481-1-7 PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 232p. AVAILABLE FROM Jimoondang International, 575 Easton Ave., 10G Somerset, NJ 08873. PUB TYPE Books (010) Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Asian History; Buddhism; Christianity; Confucianism; Educational Administration; Foreign Countries; *Higher Education; Instructional Leadership; Korean Culture; *Modernism; *School Culture; *Traditionalism IDENTIFIERS *Korea; *Organizational Structure ABSTRACT This book examines the religious and philosophical factors historically affecting Korean higher education, and the characteristics of contemporary Korean higher education in relation to organizational structure, leadership, and organizational cultUre-. The book-is organized into 4 parts,- with 11 chapters. Part One focuses on identifying the problem with Chapter 1 describing the problem, research questions, significance and limitations of the study, definitions of terms, and research methods and procedures. Part Two illustrates the historical background of the study: the traditional period (57 BC-1910 AD) and the modern era (1910-1990s). Chapter 2 introduces the context of Korean higher education in the traditional era, and Chapter 3 illustrates the background of Korean higher education in the modern period. Part Three explores the religious and philosophical factors historically influencing Korean higher education from the perspectives of organizational structure, leadership, and organizational culture. Chapter 4 examines Buddhism in the traditional period, Chapter 5 focuses on Confucianism, and Chapter 6 illustrates Christianity and Western thoughts. Chapter 7 discusses Japanese imperialism under Japanese colonial rule, Chapter 8 shifts thefocus to Americanism under the U.S. military government, and Chapter 9analyzes contemporary thoughts on examining the characteristics of contemporaryKorean higher education from the perspective of educational administration. Part Four presents a summary, conclusions, and implications for Koreanhigher education. Chapter 10 describes the summary. Chapter 11 pulls together a general discussion of the implications of evaluations or findings for educational administrators, as well as practitioners, and recommendations for future study. Appendixes contain information on the chronology of Korean history; the development of Korean higher education, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Christianity; the organization of the Ministry of Education and atypical Korean university; statistical data on Korean higher education; andvarious legislative acts. (Contains approximately 250 references.) (EMS) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. KOREAN STUDIES SERIES NO. 17 HISTORIC FACTORS INFLUENCING KOREAN HIGHER EDUCATION Lee Jeong-kyu JIMOONDANG. INTERNATIONAL U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND Office of Educational Research and Improvement DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) Erihis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization Lem. originating it. Minor changes have been made to O improve reproduction quality. /Or TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Points of view or opinions stated in this MEW. INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document do not necessarily represent dbI 1 official OERI position er policy. ism BEST C Nies 40.air0 n Jacket design by Jimoondang 154;g4MM4,4M4fstvgit . , 4 ,.!'"- KOREAN STUDIES SERIES No. 17 Historic Factors Influencing Korean Higher Education Lee Jeong-kyu SomersetSeoul Jimoondang International KOREAN STUDIES SERIES No. 17 Historic Factors Influencing Korean Higher Education Copyright (1) 2000 by Lee Jeong -kyu All rights reserved. No part of the material covered by this copyright may be produced in any formor by any means of reproduction without written permission of the publisher. Jimoondang International 575 Easton Ave. 10G Somerset, NJ 08873, U.S.A. Phone: (732) 249-5214Fax: (413) 480-9575 e.mail: [email protected] Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 00-107886 ISBN 0-9705481-1-7 Published simultaneously in Korea by Jimoondang Publishing Company 95 Waryong-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea Phone: (02) 743-0227,(02)743-3192 3 Fax: (02) 742-4657,(02)743-3097 e.mail: [email protected] To my wife and daughter, Ok-hee and Ki-rim Preface This book is(1)to examine thereligious and philosophical factorshistoricallyaffectingKoreanelite/highereducationin terms of educational administration, according to two historical epochs: the traditional period (57 BC-AD 1910) and the modern period (AD 1910-1990s), (2) to analyze the characteristics of contemporary Korean highereducation,focusing on theper- spectivesof threethemes,organizationalstructure,leadership, and organizational culture, and (3) to provide the present and futureWesternandKoreanpeoplesusefulinformationto understandthedevelopmentof Koreanelite/highereducation throughweighingthetrendof thoughtsinKoreanhigher education. This bookisorganized intofourparts,elevenchapters, references, appendixes, and index. Part One identifiesintroduction and identification of the problem. Chapter One describes the statement of the problem, research questions, significance of the study, limitations of the study, definitions of terms, and research method and procedures. Part Two illustrates the historical background of the study that includes two historical epochs: the traditional period and the modern era. The traditional period isdivided into three parts: the Three Kingdoms and the Unified Silla Kingdom, the Koryo Dynasty,and theChosondynasty.Inaddition,themodern periodincludesthreeparts:Japanesecolonialrule,theU.S. Military Government, and the Republic of Korea. Chapter Two introduces the context of Korean elite education in the traditional era,and Chapter Threeillustratesthe background of Korean higher education in the modern period in terms of the traditional thoughts as original branches and the foreign ideas as grafted branches. Part Three explores the religious and philosophical factors viPreface historicallyinfluencing Korean elite/highereducation from the perspectives of educational administration, particularly the three themes,organizationalstructure,leadership,and organizational culture. Some traditional and adapted thoughts will be reviewed as the following: Chapter Four examines Buddhism in the traditional period, especially Hwarang and monastic Buddhist schools; Chapter Five focuses on Confucianism in the Choson period, in particular Seongkyunkwan and Kwa-keo systems;Chapter Sixillustrates Christianity and Western thoughtsin thelate Choson period; Chapter Seven discussesJapaneseimperialism under Japanese colonial rule; Chapter Eight shifts the focus to Americanism under theU.S.MilitaryGovernment;andChapterNineanalyzes contemporary thoughts regarding examining the characteristics of contemporary Korean higher education from the perspectives of three areas of educational administration theories and processes because they are essential areas as fundamental principles and administrative process in educational administration. Inconsidering the purpose of thestudy and the mental tradition of the Korean people, the three themes are more closely relatedtothereligiousand philosophicalfactorshistorically influencing contemporary Korean higher education. Therefore, the author will examine and analyze only the three themes in spite of the limited areas of educational administration. Finally,Part Four presentsa summary,conclusions,and implications for Korean higher education. Chapter Ten describes the summary. Chapter Eleven pulls together a general discussion of the implications of evaluations or findings for educational admin- istrators as well as practitioners, and recommendations for future study. Acknowledgment I especially wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to my mentor andmaster,Dr.RonaldM.Brown whowasaformer Vice-President of Student Affairs of The University of Texas at Austin. Without his painstaking support and tireless encourage- ment, this book would not have been born. Actually, this book isarevisedand updatedversionof theauthor'sdoctoral dissertation,AStudyof theDevelopmentof Contemporary Korean Higher Education (The University of Texas at Austin, 1997). For the actual production of this work, I benefited greatly from my respectedteacher,Dr. Brown, who gavescholarly comments,invaluableadvice,andhelpfulcriticismsinthe process of this research. Furthermore,Ideeply._ appreciate that his patronage of my study offered me opportunities to receive bothanacademiccompetitivescholarshipandaHenderson Fellowshipduring mydoctoralstudy. Ialsoowesincere gratitude to my honorable committee members who read draft chapters and gave their valuable guidance and comments: Drs. Jay D.Scribner, David M. Austin,JeannetteL.Faurot, and Donald G. Phelps. In particular,I am indebted to my beloved teachers and friendsWilliamH.Fisher,whoisoneof JohnDewey's disciples,andGarthF.Petrie who haveoffered me their scholarly views regarding my research work and whose warm kindnessreinforced my study.Iwillneverforgetthat both teachers have always guided and helped me in difficult times during my study in Montana. I would also like to thank Mr. Nam-joo Hwang who sent many valuable sources from South Korea. My special thanks go to Michico Sugita who unselfishly devoted her time to translate