Lower North Sydenham Watershed Report Card This report card summarizes water quality and forest conditions for the Lower North Sydenham watershed within Grades: the St. Clair Region Conservation Authority jurisdiction. The summary is intended to provide landowners, groups, municipalities and agencies with information to protect, enhance and improve natural features of the watershed. The Forest Conditions - D ongoing monitoring will be reported on a five-year cycle which will help local people manage their natural features. Surface Water Quality - C This report card is part of a larger report entitled The St. Clair Region Conservation Authority Watershed Report Card available at: www.scrca.on.ca. Further information, including methodology, comparisons to the other 13 St. Clair Region watersheds, and references are also found in the report. St. Clair Region Watershed Report Card Lower North Sydenham Watershed Features Area 253 sq km or 62 420 acres or 98 square miles Municipalities St. Clair, Dawn-Euphemia, Chatham-Kent First Nations none North Sydenham River, Heyland Drain, Gooden Creek, Indian Creek, Running Creek, Otter Creek Drain, East Otter Creek Watercourses Drain, West Otter Creek Drain Land Use 88% agriculture; 11% woodlot; 1% urban/industrial (OMAFRA 1983) 62% bevelled till plains; 37% clay plains; 1% sand plains (GIS derived from physiographic maps)(Chapman and Putnam Geology 1984) Soils 93% silt and clay; 3% loam; 2% bottom land and beach; 1% sand loams; 1% not mapped Streamside Cover 11% of the 15 metre area on both sides of open streams is vegetated (SOLRIS Woodlands OMNR 2005, SCRCA 2007) Wetlands 0.2% (SOLRIS Wetlands OMNR 2005) The only aquifer is at the interface between the overburden and the bedrock, and is known as the Fresh Water Aquifer. Groundwater It has high sodium and chloride and is of limited quantity. Most of the residents are supplied by municipal piped water from Lake Huron intakes. Provincially Significant Wetlands: Snye River Marshes, Reid Conservation Area (Duthill Woods #2) and Wetlands Locally Significant Wetlands: Chicken Island Wetland, McKeough Grant’s Wetland Natural Areas Significant Natural Areas: Wallaceburg Woods, McKeough Conservation Area (Duthill Woods #1), Wilkesport Woods, Combine Woods, Terminus Woods, McKeough Floodway Fishes Warm water fish community with 13 species including sunfish. Important habitat for fish species at risk. Waste Water none Treatment Plants Vegetation: Blue Ash, Kentucky Coffee-tree, Dense Blazingstar, Riddell’s Goldenrod, Butternut, Shumard Oak, Prairie Rose Species at Risk Reptiles: Spiny Softshell Turtle, Eastern Foxsnake Sources: Birds: Northern Bobwhite, NHIC, 2007; SCRCA, 2007 Fishes: Blackstripe Topminnow, Bigmouth Buffalo, Spotted Sucker Mussels: None known at this time Mammals: None known at this time Lower North Sydenham Forest Condition and Water Quality Indicator and Description Lower North SCRCA Area FOREST CONDITIONS Sydenham Result Grade Result Grade Forest Cover is the percentage of the watershed that is forested. Environment Canada recommends 30% of a watershed should be in forest cover. 9.4% D 11.5% D Forest Interior is the area inside a woodlot that some bird species need for breeding. Environment Canada recommends 10% of a watershed should be in 1.1% F 1.8% D forest cover that is at least 100 m from the forest edge. Lower North SCRCA Area SURFACE WATER Sydenham QUALITY Result Grade Result Grade Total Phosphorus is an element that enhances plant growth and contributes to excess algae and low oxygen in streams and lakes. The Ministry of the Environment 0.15 mg/l C 0.14 mg/l C has established an environmental health objective concentration of 0.03 mg/L. E. coli (Escherichia coli) are bacteria found in human and animal waste. Their presence in water indicates the potential for water to have other disease-causing No Data 181 cfu C organisms. The Ministry of Health has established a guideline of 100 cfu (colony forming units)/100 mL in recreational waters. Benthic Invertebrates are small animals without backbones that live in stream or lake sediments. The Family Biotic Index (FBI) summarizes the information about 6.4 FBI C 6.1 FBI C the numbers and types of these animals in a sediment sample. FBI values provide stream health information and values range from 1 (healthy) to 10 (degraded). Data collected 2001 - 2005, printed 2008 St. Clair Region Watershed Report Card Lower North Sydenham Local Solutions Local Solutions to Improve Forest Conditions: Thumbs Up! • Encourage woodlot owners to prepare and follow Woodlot • All those landowners who have Environmental Farm Plans Management Plans • Lena Reid and Jean Lye for donating a 69 hectare woodland and • Conserve woodlands through designation in Official Plans, enforce the farmland property along the Sydenham River for public conservation Tree Conservation Bylaw, and landowner incentives and education as the Reid Conservation Area • Plant trees to increase the size of existing woodlots, using a range of • Robert Bossu for retiring row cropland along the Sydenham River and native species to protect against diseases and aggressive pests such as developing the Bossu Wetlands the Emerald Ash Borer and Hickory Bark Beetle Local Solutions to Improve Water Quality: • Identify tile drain projects, where restrictions in tile drains would raise groundwater levels after the crop has been established St. Clair Region Conservation Authority • Repair or replace faulty septic systems and establish a regular 205 Mill Pond Crescent, Strathroy ON N7G 3P9 maintenance program E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.scrca.on.ca • Encourage municipalities to follow Best Management Practices on Phone (519) 245-3710 municipal drains including buffer strips to stabilize the banks St. Clair Region Watershed Report Card.