Modern Day Popes + Cheryl Edenfield // IDUS 711 Methods of Contextual Research // Exercise 4: Era Model // Fall 2014 // Professor Giselle Rahn History of the Canonization of Saints 1234 993 Pope Gregory 1588 1634 Prior to 993 there was no First papal asserted that Pope Sixtus V Pope Urban VIII centralized process for canonization: only a pope had established began revising canonization of a saint. Ulrich of the authority to Congregation and improving Sainthood depended Asbury by declare someone for the Causes procedures for upon popular affirmation John XV a saint of Saints canonization 1969 and often was attributed 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2015 by locale. YEARS A.D. (one hundred year increments) Sources Number of saints recognized by the Index ac status Causarum since the establishment of the Beale, Stephen. “Saints 101: How Many Congregation for the Causes of Saints in 1588 through 1978 Saints Are There?” Catholic Exchange. YEARS A.D. (five year increments) 285 October 30, 2012. Accessed October 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 24, 2014. http://catholicexchange.com/ saints-101-how-many-saints-are-there. “Canonization during the Pontificates of Francis, Benedict and St. John Paul 1969 1983 1988 II.” GCatholic.org. October 20, 2014. Pope Paul VI Revisions to the The Congregation Accessed October 24, 2014. http://www. Congregation canonization published the Index ac gcatholic.org/saints/fr1-saints1.htm. Saints45 Canonized for the Causes process status Causarum an of Saints ensured we authoritative listing U.S. Catholics View Pope Francis as a Pontificate of Benedict (to oversee the would see more of all saints Change for the Better. Report. March 2005-13 process of saints in the 2014. Accessed October 24, 2014. 100% 100 http://www.pewforum.org/2014/03/06/ canonization) future catholics-view-pope-francis-as-a- change-for-the-better/. 1990 1996 Harness, Tiffany. “47 Saints Named (hundreds) 1987 Felix, and Other Canonization Facts.” 93 93 Washington Post. April 26, 2014. Accessed October 24, 2014. http://www. PAPAL APPROVAL RATINGS (%) 91 washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/ 90% 200 wp/2014/04/26/47-saints-named-felix- and-other-canonization-facts/. 2014 Manning, Kathleen. “How Many Saints 480Saints Canonized 2008 Are There?” USCatholic.org. October 85 2013. Accessed October 24, 2014. http:// Pontificate of St. John Paull II www.uscatholic.org/articles/201310/how- 1978-2005 83 many-saints-are-there-28027. 80% 300 “Pope Creates 800 Italian Saints.” BBC News. May 12, 2013. Accessed October 24, 2014. http://www.bbc.com/news/ 2013 world-europe-22499327. years – average 181 NUMBER OF CANONIZED SAINTS time between the death Zaleski, Philip. “The Saints of John Paul of an eventual saint and 74 II.” First Things. March 2006. Accessed canonization. October 24, 2014. http://www.firstthings. com/article/2006/03/the-saints-of-john- 70% 400 paul-ii. Image Sources Memmott, Mark. “Pope John Paul II Will Be Made A Saint.” Digital image. NPR. July 5, 2013. Accessed October 24, 2014. http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo- 60% 500 way/2013/07/05/198993166/pope-john- paul-ii-will-be-made-a-saint. April 27, 2014 – St. John Paul II and + St. John XXIII were canonized by Chaplain Mike. “Pope Benedict 813Saints Canonized Pope Francis. This was the first ever XVI Resigning.” Digital image. twin papal canonization. it was also Internetmonkcom. February 11, 2014. Pontificate of Francis the largest crowd with 800,000 Accessed October 24, 2014. http://www. 2013-present internetmonk.com/archive/38958. viewers in Rome, and 500,000 in St. Peter’s Square. 50% 600 Baylis, Sheila Coscrove, and FILIPPO MONTEFORTE/AFP/GETTY. “Did Less than half a dozen popes were Pope Francis Drop the F-Bomb?” canonized in the last 500 years since Digital image. PEOPLE.com. March the Congregation for Causes of the 2005 03, 2014. Accessed October 24, 2014. Saints was organized. http://www.people.com/people/ article/0,,20792954,00.html. How Many 67 Anonymous Originally Uploaded by 40% Caleb Moore for OCAL. 0.18. “Free Vector Vector Clip Art Vatican.” Digital image. All-Free-Download.com. Accessed October 24, 2014. http://all-free- Saints Are download.com/free-vector/vector-clip- 2002 – The second largest crowd art/vatican_117832.html. gathering (300,000-350,000) for a canonization mass was for Padré Pio and Josemaría Escrivá. 30% There? 800 There are more than 10,000 2013 Pope Francis Francis’ first venerated saints, but how many canonization included 813 people – 20% the “Martyrs of Otranto” – who were 900 beheaded by Ottoman soldiers in 1480 are officially recognized? after refusing to convert to Islam. 266 Popes 1000 St. Peter (32-67) Eulalius, antipope (418-419) John VI (701-05) Stephen VIII (929-31) Blessed Urban II (1088-99) Clement V (1305-14) Gregory XIII (1572-85) St. Linus (67-76) St. Celestine I (422-32) John VII (705-07) John XI (931-35) Paschal II (1099-1118) Opposed by John XXII (1316-34) Opposed by Sixtus V (1585-90) St. Anacletus (Cletus) (76-88) St. Sixtus III (432-40) Sisinnius (708) Leo VII (936-39) Theodoric (1100), Aleric (1102) and Nicholas V, antipope (1328-1330) Urban VII (1590) St. Clement I (88-97) St. Leo I (the Great) (440-61) Constantine (708-15) Stephen IX (939-42) Maginulf (“Sylvester IV”, 1105-1111), Benedict XII (1334-42) Gregory XIV (1590-91) St. Evaristus (97-105) St. Hilarius (461-68) St. Gregory II (715-31) Marinus II (942-46) antipopes (1100) Clement VI (1342-52) Innocent IX (1591) St. Alexander I (105-115) St. Simplicius (468-83) St. Gregory III (731-41) Agapetus II (946-55) Gelasius II (1118-19) Opposed by Burdin Innocent VI (1352-62) Clement VIII (1592-1605) St. Sixtus I (115-125) Also called Xystus I St. Felix III (II) (483-92) St. Zachary (741-52) Stephen II followed John XII (955-63) (“Gregory VIII”), antipope (1118) Blessed Urban V (1362-70) Leo XI (1605) St. Telesphorus (125-136) St. Gelasius I (492-96) Zachary, but because he died before Leo VIII (963-64) Callistus II (1119-24) Gregory XI (1370-78) Paul V (1605-21) St. Hyginus (136-140) Anastasius II (496-98) being consecrated, modern lists omit Benedict V (964) Honorius II (1124-30) Opposed by Urban VI (1378-89) Opposed by Robert Gregory XV (1621-23) St. Pius I (140-155) St. Symmachus (498-514) Opposed by him John XIII (965-72) Celestine II, antipope (1124) of Geneva (“Clement VII”), antipope Urban VIII (1623-44) St. Anicetus (155-166) Laurentius, antipope (498-501) Stephen II (III) (752-57) Benedict VI (973-74) Innocent II (1130-43) Opposed by (1378-1394) Innocent X (1644-55) St. Soter (166-175) St. Hormisdas (514-23) St. Paul I (757-67) Benedict VII (974-83) Benedict and Anacletus II (1130-1138) and Gregory Boniface IX (1389-1404) Opposed Alexander VII (1655-67) St. Eleutherius (175-189) St. John I (523-26) Stephen III (IV) (767-72) Opposed by John XIV were opposed by Boniface Conti (“Victor IV”) (1138), antipopes by Robert of Geneva (“Clement VII”) Clement IX (1667-69) St. Victor I (189-199) St. Felix IV (III) (526-30) Constantine II (767) and Philip (768), VII, antipope (974; 984-985) (1138) (1378-1394), Pedro de Luna (“Benedict Clement X (1670-76) St. Zephyrinus (199-217) Boniface II (530-32) Opposed by antipopes (767) John XIV (983-84) Celestine II (1143-44) XIII”) (1394-1417) and Baldassare Cossa Blessed Innocent XI (1676-89) St. Callistus I (217-22) Callistus and the Dioscorus, antipope (530) Adrian I (772-95) John XV (985-96) Lucius II (1144-45) (“John XXIII”) (1400-1415), antipopes Alexander VIII (1689-91) following three popes were opposed by John II (533-35) St. Leo III (795-816) Gregory V (996-99) Opposed by John Blessed Eugene III (1145-53) Innocent VII (1404-06) Opposed by Innocent XII (1691-1700) St. Hippolytus, antipope (217-236) St. Agapetus I (535-36) Also called Stephen IV (V) (816-17) XVI, antipope (997-998) Anastasius IV (1153-54) Pedro de Luna (“Benedict XIII”) (1394- Clement XI (1700-21) St. Urban I (222-30) Agapitus I St. Paschal I (817-24) Sylvester II (999-1003) Adrian IV (1154-59) 1417) and Baldassare Cossa (“John Innocent XIII (1721-24) St. Pontain (230-35) St. Silverius (536-37) Eugene II (824-27) John XVII (1003) Alexander III (1159-81) Opposed by XXIII”) (1400-1415), antipopes Benedict XIII (1724-30) St. Anterus (235-36) Vigilius (537-55) Valentine (827) John XVIII (1003-09) Octavius (“Victor IV”) (1159-1164), Pascal Gregory XII (1406-15) Opposed by Clement XII (1730-40) St. Fabian (236-50) Pelagius I (556-61) Gregory IV (827-44) Sergius IV (1009-12) III (1165-1168), Callistus III (1168-1177) and Pedro de Luna (“Benedict XIII”) (1394- Benedict XIV (1740-58) St. Cornelius (251-53) Opposed by John III (561-74) Sergius II (844-47) Opposed by John, Benedict VIII (1012-24) Opposed by Innocent III (1178-1180), antipopes 1417), Baldassare Cossa (“John XXIII”) Clement XIII (1758-69) Novatian, antipope (251) Benedict I (575-79) antipope Gregory, antipope (1012) Lucius III (1181-85) (1400-1415), and Pietro Philarghi Clement XIV (1769-74) St. Lucius I (253-54) Pelagius II (579-90) St. Leo IV (847-55) John XIX (1024-32) Urban III (1185-87) (“Alexander V”) (1409-1410), antipopes Pius VI (1775-99) St. Stephen I (254-257) St. Gregory I (the Great) (590-604) Benedict III (855-58) Opposed by Benedict IX (1032-45) He appears on Gregory VIII (1187) Martin V (1417-31) Pius VII (1800-23) St. Sixtus II (257-258) Sabinian (604-606) Anastasius, antipope (855) this list three separate times, because Clement III (1187-91) Eugene IV (1431-47) Opposed by Leo XII (1823-29) St.