Standard TECO TextEditor and Corrector for the VAX, PDP-11, PDP-10, and PDP-8 May 1990 This manual was updated for the online version only in May 1990. User’s Guide and Language Reference Manual TECO-32 Version 40 TECO-11 Version 40 TECO-10 Version 3 TECO-8 Version 7 This manual describes the TECO Text Editor and COrrector. It includes a description for the novice user and an in-depth discussion of all available commands for more advanced users. General permission to copy or modify, but not for profit, is hereby granted, provided that the copyright notice is included and reference made to the fact that reproduction privileges were granted by the TECO SIG. © Digital Equipment Corporation 1979, 1985, 1990 TECO SIG. All Rights Reserved. This document was prepared using DECdocument, Version 3.3-1b. Contents Preface ............................................................ xvii Introduction ........................................................ xix Preface to the May 1985 edition ...................................... xxiii Preface to the May 1990 edition ...................................... xxv 1 Basics of TECO 1.1 Using TECO ................................................ 1–1 1.2 Data Structure Fundamentals . ................................ 1–2 1.3 File Selection Commands ...................................... 1–3 1.3.1 Simplified File Selection .................................... 1–3 1.3.2 Input File Specification (ER command) . ....................... 1–4 1.3.3 Output File Specification (EW command) ...................... 1–4 1.3.4 Closing Files (EX command) ................................ 1–5 1.4 Input and Output Commands . ................................ 1–5 1.5 Pointer Positioning Commands . ................................ 1–5 1.6 Type-Out Commands . ........................................ 1–6 1.6.1 Immediate Inspection Commands [not in TECO-10] .............. 1–7 1.7 Text Modification Commands . ................................ 1–7 1.8 Search Commands . ........................................ 1–8 1.9 Sample Editing Job . ........................................ 1–9 1.10 Interlude . ................................................ 1–11 2 Invoking TECO 2.1 Running TECO ............................................. 2–1 2.2 Creating a new file . ........................................ 2–1 2.3 Editing an existing file ........................................ 2–1 2.4 Switches on TECO and MAKE Commands . ....................... 2–2 2.5 Invoking a TECO program ..................................... 2–3 2.6 User Initialization . ........................................ 2–3 3 Conventions and Structures 3.1 TECO character set . ........................................ 3–1 3.2 TECO Command Format ...................................... 3–2 3.2.1 Numeric Arguments ....................................... 3–2 3.2.2 Text Arguments . ........................................ 3–4 3.2.3 Colon Modifiers . ........................................ 3–5 3.3 Data Structures ............................................. 3–5 iii 3.3.1 Text Buffer .............................................. 3–6 3.3.2 Q-registers .............................................. 3–6 3.3.3 Q-register Push-down List [not in TECO-8] ..................... 3–7 3.3.4 Numeric Values and Flags . ................................ 3–7 4 Command String Editing 4.1 Immediate Action Editing Characters ............................ 4–1 4.2 Immediate Action Commands . ................................ 4–3 4.3 Introduction to Macros ........................................ 4–4 4.4 Immediate ESCAPE-Sequence Commands [TECO-11 only] ............ 4–4 4.5 Operating System Character Filters ............................. 4–6 5 Command Descriptions 5.1 File Specification Commands . ................................ 5–1 5.1.1 File Opening Commands . ................................ 5–1 5.1.2 File Specification Switches . ................................ 5–2 5.1.3 File Close and Exit Commands .............................. 5–3 5.1.4 Secondary Stream Commands ............................... 5–5 5.1.5 Wildcard Commands ...................................... 5–6 5.1.6 Direct I/O to Q-Registers . ................................ 5–7 5.2 Page Manipulation Commands . ................................ 5–7 5.3 Buffer Pointer Manipulation Commands . ....................... 5–10 5.4 Text Type-Out Commands ..................................... 5–12 5.5 Deletion Commands . ........................................ 5–13 5.6 Insertion Commands . ........................................ 5–14 5.7 Search Commands . ........................................ 5–16 5.8 Search Arguments . ........................................ 5–20 5.9 Q-Register Manipulation ...................................... 5–23 5.10 Arithmetic and Expressions .................................... 5–26 5.11 Special Numeric Values ....................................... 5–28 5.12 Command Loops ............................................. 5–32 5.13 Branching Commands ........................................ 5–32 5.14 Conditional Execution Commands ............................... 5–36 5.15 Retrieving Environment Characteristics . ....................... 5–38 5.16 Mode Control Flags . ........................................ 5–40 5.17 Scope Commands ............................................ 5–47 5.17.1 Video Terminal Scope Commands ............................ 5–47 5.17.2 Refresh Scope Commands . ................................ 5–49 5.18 Programming Aids . ........................................ 5–49 5.18.1 Text Formatting . ........................................ 5–50 5.18.2 Comments .............................................. 5–50 5.18.3 Messages ............................................... 5–51 5.18.4 Tracing . ................................................ 5–51 5.18.5 Convenience Characters .................................... 5–51 5.18.6 Memory Expansion ....................................... 5–52 5.18.7 Case Control ............................................ 5–52 5.19 Manipulating Large Pages ..................................... 5–53 5.20 Techniques and Examples ..................................... 5–53 iv A Octal, Decimal & Hexadecimal ASCII Character Set B Error Messages C Incompatible, Obsolete, and System-Specific Commands C.1 Specific Features of TECO-11 . ................................ C–1 C.2 Specific Features of RT-11 ..................................... C–3 C.3 Specific Features of RSTS/E .................................... C–3 C.4 Specific Features of RSX-11/M, RSX-11/D, and IAS . ............... C–3 C.5 Specific Features of VAX/VMS . ................................ C–4 C.6 Specific Features of OS/8 ...................................... C–4 C.7 Specific Features of TOPS-10 . ................................ C–4 D RT-11 Operating Characeristics D.1 Startup .................................................... D–1 D.2 File Specification ............................................ D–2 D.3 Backup Files ............................................... D–2 D.4 EXIT and GO ............................................... D–2 D.5 REENTER and CLOSE ....................................... D–2 D.6 File Recovery ............................................... D–3 D.7 System Crash Recovery ....................................... D–3 D.8 VT11 Graphics Support ....................................... D–3 E RSTS/E Operating Characeristics E.1 Startup .................................................... E–1 E.2 File Specification ............................................ E–1 E.3 Backup Files ............................................... E–2 E.4 EXIT and GO ............................................... E–2 E.5 ET Flag Handling . ........................................ E–2 F RSX-11 Operating Characeristics F.1 Startup .................................................... F–1 F.2 Initialization ............................................... F–1 F.3 File Specification ............................................ F–2 F.4 Wild Card Lookup . ........................................ F–3 F.5 Exiting From TECO . ........................................ F–3 F.6 <CTRL/C> . ................................................ F–3 F.7 EXIT and GO ............................................... F–3 F.8 ET Flag Handling . ........................................ F–4 F.9 File Record Format . ........................................ F–4 F.10 Command Line Processing ..................................... F–5 G VAX/VMS Operating Characeristics G.1 Startup .................................................... G–1 G.2 Initialization ............................................... G–1 G.3 File Specification ............................................ G–2 G.4 Wildcard Lookup ............................................ G–3 G.5 Symbol Constituents . ........................................ G–3 G.6 Exiting From TECO . ........................................ G–3 v G.7 <CTRL/C> . ................................................ G–3 G.8 <CTRL/Y> . ................................................ G–4 G.9 EXIT and GO ............................................... G–4 G.10 Operating System Functions . ................................ G–4 G.11 Flag Handling .............................................. G–5 G.11.1 TheEEflag............................................. G–5 G.11.2 TheEJflag ............................................. G–5 G.11.3 TheETflag............................................. G–6 G.11.4 The:Wflag ............................................