THE BENEFITS OF AUDIO-VISUAL TECHNOLOGY IN ADDRESSING RACIAL PROFILING HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JULY 19, 2001 Serial No. 107–36 Printed for the use of the Committee on Government Reform ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpo.gov/congress/house http://www.house.gov/reform U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 77–191 PDF WASHINGTON : 2002 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 09:43 May 30, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\DOCS\77191.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM DAN BURTON, Indiana, Chairman BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York HENRY A. WAXMAN, California CONSTANCE A. MORELLA, Maryland TOM LANTOS, California CHRISTOPHER SHAYS, Connecticut MAJOR R. OWENS, New York ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York JOHN M. MCHUGH, New York PAUL E. KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania STEPHEN HORN, California PATSY T. MINK, Hawaii JOHN L. MICA, Florida CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York THOMAS M. DAVIS, Virginia ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, Washington, MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana DC JOE SCARBOROUGH, Florida ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland STEVEN C. LATOURETTE, Ohio DENNIS J. KUCINICH, Ohio BOB BARR, Georgia ROD R. BLAGOJEVICH, Illinois DAN MILLER, Florida DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois DOUG OSE, California JOHN F. TIERNEY, Massachusetts RON LEWIS, Kentucky JIM TURNER, Texas JO ANN DAVIS, Virginia THOMAS H. ALLEN, Maine TODD RUSSELL PLATTS, Pennsylvania JANICE D. SCHAKOWSKY, Illinois DAVE WELDON, Florida WM. LACY CLAY, Missouri CHRIS CANNON, Utah DIANE E. WATSON, California ADAM H. PUTNAM, Florida ——— ——— C.L. ‘‘BUTCH’’ OTTER, Idaho ——— EDWARD L. SCHROCK, Virginia BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee (Independent) KEVIN BINGER, Staff Director DANIEL R. MOLL, Deputy Staff Director JAMES C. WILSON, Chief Counsel ROBERT A. BRIGGS, Chief Clerk PHIL SCHILIRO, Minority Staff Director (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 09:43 May 30, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\77191.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on July 19, 2001 ............................................................................... 1 Statement of: Dinh, Viet, Assistant Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice .......... 25 King, Rachel, legislative director, American Civil Liberties Union; Ray- mond Kelly, former Commissioner, U.S. Customs Service; Brian Boykin, fellow, National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Ex- ecutives; and Chris Maloney, president, TriTech Systems, Inc. ............... 117 West, Hon. Royce, Texas Senate; Hon. Robert Duncan, Texas Senate; Charles Dunbar, Jr., superintendent, New Jersey State Police; Mark Finnegan, esq., Heberle and Finnegan, Ltd.; and Robert Wilkins, esq. ... 65 Letters, statements, etc., submitted for the record by: Boykin, Brian, fellow, National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives, prepared statement of .............................................................. 143 Burton, Hon. Dan, a Representative in Congress from the State of Indi- ana, prepared statement of .......................................................................... 7 Clay, Hon. Wm. Lacy, a Representative in Congress from the State of Missouri, prepared statement of .................................................................. 15 Dinh, Viet, Assistant Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice, pre- pared statement of ........................................................................................ 28 Finnegan, Mark, esq., Heberle and Finnegan, Ltd., prepared statement of ..................................................................................................................... 75 Kelly, Raymond, former Commissioner, U.S. Customs Service, prepared statement of ................................................................................................... 136 King, Rachel, legislative director, American Civil Liberties Union, pre- pared statement of ........................................................................................ 120 Maloney, Chris, president, TriTech Systems, Inc., prepared statement of ..................................................................................................................... 148 Morella, Hon. Constance A., a Representative in Congress from the State of Maryland, prepared statement of ............................................................ 62 Schakowsky, Hon. Janice D., a Representative in Congress from the State of Illinois, prepared statement of ...................................................... 3 Shays, Hon. Christopher, a Representative in Congress from the State of Connecticut, prepared statement of ........................................................ 23 Towns, Hon. Edolphus, a Representative in Congress from the State of New York, prepared statement of ........................................................... 2 Wilkins, Robert, esq., prepared statement of ................................................. 82 (III) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 09:43 May 30, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\77191.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 09:43 May 30, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\DOCS\77191.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 THE BENEFITS OF AUDIO-VISUAL TECH- NOLOGY IN ADDRESSING RACIAL PROFILING THURSDAY, JULY 19, 2001 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM, Washington, DC. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:25 a.m., in room 2154, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Dan Burton (chairman of the committee) presiding. Present: Representatives Burton, Barr, Gilman, Morella, Shays, Platts, Cannon, Waxman, Owens, Maloney, Norton, Cummings, Kucinich, Tierney, Turner, Clay and Watson. Staff present: Kevin Binger, staff director; James C. Wilson, chief counsel; David A. Kass, deputy chief counsel; Mark Corallo, direc- tor of communications; Andre Hollis, counsel; Kevin Long and Mi- chael Canty, professional staff members; Sarah Anderson, staff as- sistant; Robert A. Briggs, chief clerk; Robin Butler, office manager; Josie Duckett, deputy communications director; John Sare, deputy chief clerk; Danleigh Halfast, assistant to chief counsel; Corinne Zaccagnini, systems administrator; Phil Schiliro, minority staff di- rector; Phil Barnett, minority chief counsel; Sarah Despres and Tony Haywood, minority counsels; Denise Wilson, minority profes- sional staff member; Ellen Rayner, minority chief clerk; and Jean Gosa and Earley Green, minority assistant clerks. Mr. BURTON. Good morning. A quorum being present, the com- mittee will come to order. I ask unanimous consent that all Mem- bers’ and witnesses’ written opening statements be included in the record, and, without objection, so ordered. [The prepared statements of Hon. Edolphus Towns and Hon. Janice D. Schakowsky follow:] (1) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 09:43 May 30, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\DOCS\77191.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 2 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 09:43 May 30, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\DOCS\77191.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 3 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 09:43 May 30, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\DOCS\77191.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 4 Mr. BURTON. I ask unanimous consent that all articles, exhibits and extraneous or tabular material referred to be included in the record, and, without objection, so ordered. I also ask unanimous consent that questioning in this matter proceed under clause 2(j)(2) of House rule 11 and committee rule 14 in which the chairman and ranking minority member allocate time to the committee members as they deem appropriate for ex- tended questioning, not to exceed 60 minutes, equally divided be- tween the majority and minority, and, without objection, so or- dered. Today we’re going to examine the issue of racial profiling. I think we all understand what this means. Racial profiling occurs when a law enforcement officer targets someone for a traffic stop or a search or some other law enforcement action based solely on their race, their ethnicity or their gender. This is something that should never happen. It’s offensive to the basic values that we all hold dear. Police officers do have a tough job. We have to give them the freedom they need to do their jobs. If they have probable cause to believe someone is committing a crime, they have to take action, but no one should ever be targeted because of their race. People should be able to drive down a highway or walk down a city street with the confidence that their civil rights will not be violated. This is a tough issue. It’s hard to get a handle on how often this happens and why it happens. I should say at the outset that I have a lot of confidence in our law enforcement community. In my years as a Congressman and a State legislator, I have met a lot of very good law enforcement officers from all over the country. They’re dedicated. They work very hard to protect our safety. I think most police officers around the country would find the notion of targeting people because of their race just as repugnant as Mr. Cummings and I do. On the other hand, I have no doubt that it happens. I have no doubt that there are bad police officers out there who’ve pulled peo- ple over just because of their race. I wouldn’t