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Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Audience .................................................................................... 1-1 Conventions.................................................................................. 1-1 Chapter 2: Overview of OpenSQL What Is OpenSQL?............................................................................ 2-1 Advantage Enterprise Access Products...................................................... 2-2 Ingres Distributed Option.................................................................. 2-2 Interactive OpenSQL ...................................................................... 2-2 Embedded OpenSQL ...................................................................... 2-2 Building Embedded OpenSQL Programs .................................................... 2-3 Retrieving Status Information .............................................................. 2-3 Specifying Parameters at Runtime .......................................................... 2-3 Differences between Embedded and Interactive OpenSQL .................................... 2-3 Features ..................................................................................... 2-4 Object Names............................................................................. 2-5 Regular and Delimited Identifiers .......................................................... 2-6 Restrictions on Identifiers .................................................................. 2-6 Comment Delimiters ...................................................................... 2-8 Statement Terminators .................................................................... 2-8 Correlation Names ........................................................................ 2-9 Chapter 3: OpenSQL Data Types Character Data Types ......................................................................... 3-2 Character ................................................................................ 3-2 Varchar .................................................................................. 3-3 Long Varchar ............................................................................. 3-3 Contents iii Unicode Data Types ........................................................................... 3-4 Nchar .................................................................................... 3-4 Nvarchar ................................................................................. 3-5 Long Nvarchar ............................................................................ 3-6 Numeric Data Types........................................................................... 3-7 Integer ................................................................................... 3-7 Decimal .................................................................................. 3-8 Floating-point ............................................................................. 3-8 Abstract Data Types ........................................................................... 3-9 Date...................................................................................... 3-9 Money................................................................................... 3-13 Binary Data Types............................................................................ 3-14 Long Byte................................................................................ 3-14 Storage Formats of Data Types ................................................................ 3-15 Literals ...................................................................................... 3-16 String ................................................................................... 3-16 Numeric ................................................................................. 3-16 Floating-point ............................................................................ 3-18 OpenSQL Constants .......................................................................... 3-18 Nulls........................................................................................ 3-19 Nulls and Comparisons ................................................................... 3-19 Nulls and Aggregate Functions ............................................................ 3-19 Chapter 4: Elements of OpenSQL Statements Operators .................................................................................... 4-1 Arithmetic ................................................................................ 4-1 Comparison............................................................................... 4-2 Logical ................................................................................... 4-2 Operations ................................................................................... 4-3 Assignment ............................................................................... 4-3 Arithmetic ................................................................................ 4-5 Functions..................................................................................... 4-8 Function Support for Advantage Enterprise Access Products .................................. 4-8 Scalar .................................................................................... 4-8 Aggregate ............................................................................... 4-27 Ifnull Function ........................................................................... 4-32 UUID ................................................................................... 4-34 Expressions .................................................................................. 4-37 Predicates ................................................................................... 4-37 Like ..................................................................................... 4-38 iv OpenSQL Reference Guide Between................................................................................. 4-39 In....................................................................................... 4-40 Any-or-All .............................................................................. 4-40 Exists ................................................................................... 4-42 Is Null .................................................................................. 4-42 Search Conditions ........................................................................... 4-42 Subqueries .................................................................................. 4-44 Chapter 5: Embedded OpenSQL Syntax of an Embedded OpenSQL Statement .................................................... 5-2 Structure of Embedded OpenSQL Programs..................................................... 5-3 Host Language Variables ...................................................................... 5-4 Declaring Variables ....................................................................... 5-5 The Include Statement ..................................................................... 5-6 Variable Usage...........................................................................