ILLUSTRATED KEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERS (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE) INAUSTRALIA Var-enrn Topp Devtns eNo Maner ZrsKA Davies, V. Todd and Zabka, M. 1989 I I 13: Illustrated keys to the genera of jumping spiders (Araneae : Salticidae) in Australia. Mem Qd Mus. 27(2): 189-266. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. From the keys, accompanying notes and illustrations 57 presently described genera ofAustralian salticids can be identified, Four genera, Rhombonotus, Canoma, Jotus and Prostheclinahave been reinstated. Three genera, Harmochirus, Omoedus atad Mintonia are newly recorded from northern Australia. The following spiders are illustrated for the first time: ? Canama hinnuleus, 9 Cocolus gibbosus, 6 Coccorchestesferreus, ? Hypoblemum sp., 6 Ligonipes sp., 3 'Lycidas' miehaelseni, 9 Maratus sp., 6 Prostheclina pallida, I Sandalodes bipenicillatus, ? 'Trite' daemelii, and 9 'Trite' longula. Discocnemius Thorell, l88l and Haterius Simon, 1900 are newly synonymised with Zrgonlpes Karsch, 1878, resulting in new combinations: D. lacertosus = L. lacertosus (Thorell, l88l) n. comb.; 1L semitectus = L. semitectus (Simon, 1900) n. comb. The Australian Pystiro spp. have been transferred to Zenodorus thus P. orbiculata = Z. orbiculatus (Keyserling, l88l) n. comb. and P. obscurofemorata = Z. obscurofemoratus (Keyserling, 1881) n. comb. D Key, Salticidae, j ump ing sp iders, A us tra lia. Valerie Todd Dovies, Queensland Museum, PO Box 300, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; Marek Zabka, Zoktad Zoologii WSR-P, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; 14 December, 1988. In Koch and Keyserling's (1871-1883) monu- so few sub- families are sufficiently defined to be mental three volume work, Die Arachniden Aus- of use in this respect. It says much for Simon's traliew, more than 150 species of jumping spiders, analytical skill that these divisions, which he con- mostly from Australia, were described. The work sidered 'peut-6tre un peu artificielles', are still was well illustrated and contained a key to 46 used. It is clear that within these divisions many genera, based mainly on habitus, lengths of legs natural groups ofgenera can be recognised. Simon and arrangement of eyes. Because these volumes (loc. cit.) gave keys to 'groupes' (sorne of which are rare it seems opportune to publish new illus- have since been recognised as sub-families) and trations of as many Australian genera as we can within the 'groupes' he gave keys to genera. These identify and to construct keys using more reliable keys, in association with the illustrations from characters. We recognise that many more genera Koch and Keyserling (loc. cit.) are the main basis and hundreds of species are yet to be described. for the identification of genera in Australia today. Petrunkevitch (1928) recognised and gave keys for Subsequent accounts of the genera of jumping 23 sub-families arranged, somewhat reluctantly, spiders have dealt with the salticid genera of the in Simon's three divisions; he listed the genera in world. A historical review was given by Peckham the sub-families. and Peckham (1885). Finding some names were Chrysanthus (1968) redescribed and figured 20 preoccupied, they provided several new generic names, incruding 5 ror Australian spiders (see tf list :1111?d^:t"::::which are also *1,\:*-9:lT1'found in northern Australia'l::11{,,11 In of genera p. l9l). They also gave a key to 84 recent revisions wanless (1978' 1984a' genera, rather less than weri then described l98l' 1984b) has redescribed and figured several Aus- because the descriptions on which their key was tralian 'plurident' genera' culminating in his based were too incomplete for some genera to be (1988) the Astieae' This is the first and included. simon (1897-1903) separated the revision of jumpine spiders of the world into 3 major divisions gi::t^tl^l:" traltan:-1tv-:t:tf,1t^t:t]: saluclos ano lnf",t:it: lt ne glves-:.1^1 Keys Io genera depending on the retromarginal.^__:_^r dentition,^_i*:^_ of^c the*q^ anq specles' chilicera the Pluridentatiivith several teeth, the Fissidentati- with a divided tooth and the Uniden- Pr6szyriski's (1984, 1987) recent atlases of tati with a single tooth or none; the last is by far specimens .in European museums have been the largest group. Whether the system is artificial valuable. Zabka's (1987a, 1987b) drawings of (?abka believes that it is) or not, it seems to be a some of the existing types are reproduced in this practical and sensible way to structure keys when paper, along with other drawings from types and 190 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM many from fresh material. The key is divided into ventral and retrolateral views of the left palp of 3 sectional keys, the Pluridentati (16 genera), the the 6 are given. Leg I and a chelicera of the d and Fissidentati (13 genera) and the Unidentati (28 ? may be drawn. The labium and endite(s) are genera). Short notes on the genera are given below illustrated if they are diagnostic. Usually only the relevant part of the keys. Occasionally structures that do not appear in Plates I or 2 are attention is drawn to the similarity between genera labelled in subsequent Plates. An asterisk with different cheliceral dentition, suggesting that following the name of the species on the Plate these are closely related e.g. Harmochirus indicates it is the type species of the genus. The (fissldent) and Biqnor (unident). drawings were done by Zabka using a grid system; Many of the Australian spiders described by some additional illustrations were done by Sybil early workers.were assigned to Northern Hemi- Monteith using a comera lucids. sphere genera to which they do not belong. In many cases this has been recognised and new APPENDIX names have been given or transfers made to other An appendix gives the geographical localities of described genera. We recognise that several of the the specimens that have been drawn. Where a 'type latter do not belong in these genera either. No new specimen' has been examined the initials of the names have been supplied here as it is hoped that Museum where it is deposited is given. proper diagnoses and revisions of the genera will accompany such a move. The present names of ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS genera placed seven such are in single inverted We thank the Council of the Australian Biolog- commas to indicate their indeterminate status e.g. ical Resources Study for the financial support of 'Breda' jovialis. Marek Zabka while he did the illustrations for this Salticids are seldom less than 2.0mm in length, papet at the Queensland Museum between July most are between 4.0-8.0mm. Unlike most spiders and October 1987. He supplied some additional the males often exceed the females in size. The drawings while holding the Australian Museum lengths of spiders in the size classes used are as Fellowship 1987/88 in Sydney. We are grateful to follows: less than 4.0mm; 4,0- 'small', 'medium', the Directorate of the Queensland Museum for 8.0mm; 'large', rhore than 8.0mm. their support of Sybil Monteith who did supple- The following abbreviations are used: ALE, mentary drawings (unsigned) and the final lay- out anterior lateral eyes; AME, anterior median eyes; of the illustrations. We thank Mr F. Wanless for posterior posterior PLE, lateral eyes and PME, permission to copy his drawings of g Adoxotoma (or median middle) eyes. nigroolivacea and 3 Mintonia tauricornis. glossary A of most of the terms used may be We are grateful to Dr M. Gray for use of several (1986). found in Davies Other terms: 'fossa(e)', spiders from the Australian Museum (AM), and paired the single or epigynal indentation(s) within the following colleagues for allowing examination which thegonopores are situated; 'pars cephalico', of types in their collections: Mr F. Wanless and part the anterior of carapace, in front of PLE; Mr P. Hillyard, British Muspum of 'Natural 'pars thoracico', the posterior part of carapace, History, London, England (BMNH); Dr G. Rack, behind PLE; 'ocular quadrangle', quadrangle Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, quad- formed by ALE and PLE; 'posterior ocular Hamburg, BDR (ZMH); Dr J. Heurtault, Museum rangle', quadrangle formed by PME and PLE. National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHP); Dr M. Moritz, Museum fur Natur- ILLUSTRATIONS kunde der Humboldt Universitat, Berlin, DDR Figures and labels on Plates I and 2 show the (ZMB); Dr S. Langemark,- Zoologisk Museum, general structure of salticids and introduce the ter- Universitetspaken, Copenhagen, Denmark minology used. The rest of the illustrations are an (ZMK); Dr Arbocco, Museo Civico di Storia essential part of the keys and should be examined Naturale, Genoa, Italy (MCG). as these are worked through. In almost all We wish to thank the Director, members of the instances, a dorsal view ofthe I is drawn and often Board of Trustees and members of the Queens- a lateral view of the carapace to show height. A land Museum for their courtesy and support ventral view and a 'cleared' view of the epigynum during preparation of this paper. are given. The latter may be ventral, dorsal or a We are grateful to Mr F. Wanless who made combination of both views; sometimes a schematic helpful comments on the keys at an early stage and drawing showing the course of the insemination to Professor N.I. Platnick and Mr Bruce Campbell ducts to spermathecae and to fertilization ducts is who read, made corrections and suggested included. The 6 habitus is occasionally drawn; improvements to the final manuscript. JUMPING SPIDERS l9l INDEX TO GENERA PLURIDENTATI Plate UNIDENTATI Plate ArasioSimon l90l .......... .......16 Bionor Peckham & Peckham, 1885 ...............47 AstiaL. Koch, 1879 ................14 Clynotis Simon, l90l .................................56 .Bavla Simon, 1877 ........... .......13 Coccorchestes Thorell, I 881 ........................33 Cocalus C.L. Koch, I 846............ ................. 4 Cosmophosis Simon, l90l ..........................48 Copocrossa Simon, 1901 ..........