CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Embedded System: A Solution for Home Security A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science By Roland Lee Hern December 2013 The graduate thesis of Roland Lee Hern is approved: ______________________________________ _________________ Professor R. Covington Date ______________________________________ _________________ Professor J. Noga Date ______________________________________ _________________ Professor J. Wiegley (Chair) Date California State University, Northridge. ii Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge my first programming teacher, Ron Miller for the logic and the fundamentals of computer programming that I still utilize today. I am forever grateful to you, Kiddo. I wish to thank my chair, Professor Wiegley for your support and guidance. I also wish to thank my committee members, Professor Noga, and Professor Covington for your patience and contributions to my education. They have always been greatly appreciated. Thank you to Dr. Melissa Midzor for opportunity and encouragement that know no limits. Thank you to my mother-in-law, Claire, for your support and encouragement. Thank you to my father, Ben. Your support made this possible. Finally and most importantly, I wish to thank my wife, Deb. I have accomplished a difficult goal but I did not accomplish it alone. Sharing a brain, love, sense of humor, and life with you made this possible. iii Table of Contents Signature page ..................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... v Abstract .............................................................................................................................. vi Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Communication Technologies ............................................................................................ 3 X10 / INSTEON .............................................................................................................. 3 Z-Wave .......................................................................................................................... 10 ZigBee / XBee ............................................................................................................... 14 Hardware ........................................................................................................................... 17 iDigi® Gateway Development Kit ................................................................................ 17 ConnectPort X4 ......................................................................................................... 17 XBee Smart Plug ....................................................................................................... 18 XBee Light/Temperature Sensor ............................................................................... 18 Embedded System ......................................................................................................... 21 Rabbit® MiniCore® RCM6700 ................................................................................ 21 External Hardware ..................................................................................................... 24 Cloud Environments ......................................................................................................... 27 iDigi® Device Cloud ..................................................................................................... 27 Google Appspot.com Cloud .......................................................................................... 33 Rabbit Security System ..................................................................................................... 36 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 39 References ......................................................................................................................... 40 Appendix A – Rabbit Security Controller Code ............................................................... 42 Appendix B – ConnectPort X4 Update Code ................................................................... 56 Appendix C – ConnectPort X4 Configuration File........................................................... 63 Appendix D – Google Appspot Tutorial Code ................................................................. 65 iv List of Figures Figure 1 – System Architecture .......................................................................................... 2 Figure 2 – AC Transmit Timing [4] .................................................................................... 6 Figure 3 – Two-phase Home INSTEON Installation [4] .................................................... 8 Figure 4 – Z-Wave ZM5304 Serial Interface Module with Antenna ............................... 12 Figure 5 – Z-Wave protocol stack [6] ............................................................................... 13 Figure 6 – Z-Wave protocol frame structure [6] ............................................................... 13 Figure 7 – Outline of the ZigBee Stack Architecture [7].................................................. 15 Figure 8 – ZigBee General Application Frame Format [7] .............................................. 16 Figure 9 – ConnectPort X4 ............................................................................................... 17 Figure 10 – XBee Sensor and Smart Plug ........................................................................ 18 Figure 11 – Sample “idigi_dia.html” Local Website ........................................................ 20 Figure 12 – Rabbit MiniCore RCM6700 .......................................................................... 21 Figure 13 – Assembled Rabbit with IO board attached .................................................... 22 Figure 14 – iDigi Device Cloud – iDigi Manager Pro ...................................................... 27 Figure 15 – iDigi Device Cloud – XBee Networked Devices .......................................... 28 Figure 16 – iDigi Device Cloud – Add Device Alarms .................................................... 28 Figure 17 – API Explorer .................................................................................................. 29 Figure 18 – Sample iDigi Development Kit Website ....................................................... 33 Figure 19 – Sample Google Chart's .................................................................................. 34 Figure 20 – Google App Engine Launcher ....................................................................... 35 Figure 21 – Rabbit remotely responding to iDigi Cloud commands ................................ 36 Figure 22 – Rabbit responding to local commands .......................................................... 38 v Abstract Embedded System: A Solution for Home Security By Roland Lee Hern Master of Science in Computer Science The objective of this thesis is to present the reader with the latest advances in home automation technologies with an emphasis on security. The X10/INSTEON, Z- Wave and ZigBee/XBee technologies are examined for their usefulness in constructing a subscription based residential security system. The central control unit of this security system is an iDigi Rabbit RCM6700 embedded system. The application running on the Rabbit demonstrates this embedded system’s ability to monitor and control attached devices. The Rabbit application also communicates with another application running on Google’s Appspot.com cloud environment through the iDigi’s device cloud environment to provide the user with system interactivity and system status. vi Chapter 1 Introduction Home automation is the introduction of technology to make a living environment more convenient. The brain of the system is the central control unit that is programmed to monitor and control devices around the home. As the home automation industry has grown, so have the number of devices that can be controlled. Light fixtures, television and audio systems, major appliances, thermostats, cameras, motion sensors, door sensors and many more devices can be purchased with the goal of incorporating them into a home automation system. These devices can be adjusted, turned on/off by the system, or programmatically controlled when other events occur. The user can make changes to these devices using either an application running on a smartphone, a touchpad mounted on the wall, or a website that can be accessed anywhere in the world. These remote controls allow the user to interact with the system to gain system status or make changes to it. Until the 1990s, the idea of home automation was the stuff of science fiction, but as the price of microprocessors has decreased, and the availability of wireless technology devices has increased, that dream has become a reality in many homes. Currently 1.7 million homes have an automation system installed, so the market has room for growth. According to a poll of online users interested in home automation, 62% of