Sanjay Gurung: Mercy Corps KARAMOJA STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENT Final Report AUGUST 2016 Table of Contents List of Acronyms ...................................................................................................................... 4 List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... 5 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ 5 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 6 Resilience of What? ............................................................................................................................ 6 Resilience to What? ............................................................................................................................ 7 Resilience for Whom? ........................................................................................................................ 7 Resilience Through What? ................................................................................................................. 8 Capacity #1: Increased Capacity to Manage Natural Resources Equitably and Transparently ........ 8 Capacity #2: Increased Access to Products and Services that Reduce Risk .................................... 8 Capacity #3: Increased Access to Financial Services ....................................................................... 9 Capacity #4: Increased Access to Information and Early Warning Systems ..................................... 9 Capacity #5: Improved Mechanisms for Disaster Risk Management and Response ........................ 9 Capacity #6: Increased Access to Water Management and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Services ............................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 11 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 11 The STRESS Process ..................................................................................................................... 11 The Karamoja STRESS ................................................................................................................... 12 Disruption in Karamoja’s System: A Historical Perspective ........................................................ 13 Karamoja Today: Provisioning Systems for Well-Being .................................................... 14 Livelihoods ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Markets .............................................................................................................................................. 16 Financial Services ............................................................................................................................. 16 Ecological Systems .......................................................................................................................... 17 Social Services Provision ................................................................................................................ 18 Institutions and Actors .......................................................................................................... 21 Formal and Informal Governance Structures ................................................................................. 21 Gender Norms and the Role of Women .......................................................................................... 22 Conflict Resolution Mechanisms .................................................................................................... 23 Natural Resource Management—Land, Minerals, and Water ....................................................... 23 Land and Minerals ........................................................................................................................... 23 Water ............................................................................................................................................... 26 Development Trends in Karamoja ........................................................................................ 27 Livelihood Trends ............................................................................................................................. 27 Agricultural Livelihoods .................................................................................................................... 27 Migration, Urbanization, and Wage Labor ....................................................................................... 28 Population Growth ............................................................................................................................ 31 Implications of Socioeconomic Trends into the Future ................................................................ 31 MERCY CORPS Karamoja Strategic Resilience Assessment: Final Report 2 Empowered Karamoja: Vision and Theory of Change for Development .......................... 35 Shocks and Stresses ............................................................................................................. 36 Climate Related Stresses: “Drought,” Rainfall Variability, and Dry Spells ................................. 37 Floods ................................................................................................................................................ 38 Land and Watershed Degradation and Land Cover Change ........................................................ 39 Natural Resources Conflict .............................................................................................................. 40 Livestock Diseases and Pests ......................................................................................................... 41 Crop Pests ......................................................................................................................................... 41 Price Shocks/Fluctuations ............................................................................................................... 42 Youth Male Unemployment/Disenfranchisement .......................................................................... 43 Violence—Crime and Gender Based Violence ............................................................................... 43 Malnutrition, HIV, and Communicable Disease Outbreaks ........................................................... 43 Trafficking and Exploitation ............................................................................................................. 44 Alcoholism ......................................................................................................................................... 45 Resilience for Whom? Differential Vulnerability Profiles ................................................... 46 Differential Vulnerability Across Livelihood Groups ..................................................................... 46 Livestock Based Livelihoods ........................................................................................................... 46 Crop-based Livelihoods ................................................................................................................... 46 Urban and Non-farm Livelihoods ..................................................................................................... 47 Differential Vulnerability Across Social Groups ............................................................................ 48 Differential Vulnerability Across Wealth Categories ..................................................................... 49 Capacities ................................................................................................................................ 51 Capacity #1: Increased Capacity to Manage Natural Resources Equitably and Transparently 51 Capacity #2: Increased Access to Products and Services that Reduce Risk ............................. 53 Capacity #3: Increased Access to Financial Services ................................................................... 54 Capacity #4: Increased Access to Information and Early Warning Systems .............................. 56 Capacity #5: Improved Mechanisms for Disaster Risk Management and Response ................. 57 Capacity #6: Increased Access to Water Management and WASH Services .............................. 58 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 62 Annex A: Resilience Capacity Summary Table ................................................................... 64 MERCY CORPS Karamoja Strategic Resilience Assessment: Final Report 3 List of Acronyms ABEK Alternative Basic Education for Karamoja ACTED Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development ADR Alternative dispute resolution AEW Agricultural extension worker ALC Area land committees BRACED Building Resilience to Climate Extremes and Disasters C&D Institute for International Co-operation and Development CAHW Community animal health worker CBPP Contagious Bovine