CP/M Plus™ (CP/M Version 3) CP/M 3 Operating System User's Guide Copyright © 1982 Digital Research P.O. Box 579 160 Central Avenue Pacific Grove, CA 93950 (408) 649-3896 TWX 910 360 5001 All Rights Reserved COPYRIGHT Copyright © 1982 by Digital Research. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or compu ter language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Digital Research, Post Office Box 579, Pacific Grove, California, 93950. DISCLAIMER Digital Research makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Further, Dig i tal Research reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes f rom time to time in the content hereof wi thout obligation of Digital Research to notify any person of such revision or changes. TRADEMARKS CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research. CP/M 3, SID, MAC, and R~C are trademarks of Digital Research. The CP/M 3 Operating System User I s Guide was prepared using the Digital Research TEX Text Formatter and pr inted in the United States of America by Commercial Press/Monterey. ********************************** * Preliminary: November 1982 * ********************************** Final Technical Review Complete In Production for Final Edit and Graphics CP/M 3 and its utility programs are distributed on two floppy disks. The system disk contains the operating system and the most commonly used utility programs. A second disk contains additional utilities. How To Use CP/M 3 Documentation The CP/M 3 documentation includes three manuals: • CP/M 3 Operating System User's Guide • CP/M 3 Operating System Programmer's Guide • Programmer's Utilities Guide The CP/M 3 Operating System User's Guide introduces you to the CP/M 3 operating system and tells you how to use it. The User's Guide assumes that the version of CP/M 3 on your distribution disk is ready to run on your computer. To use this manual, you must be familiar with the parts of your computer, know how to set it up and turn it on, and how to handle, insert, and store disks. However, you do not need a great deal of experience with comp~ters. The CP/M 3 Operating System Programmer's Guide presents information for application programmers who are creating or adapting programs to run under CP/M 3. The Programmer's Utilities Guide includes information on the CP/M assemblers and debuggers that experienced programmers use to create new CP/M 3 programs. Bow This Guide is Organized This guide begins with simple examples, proceeds with basic concepts, then presents a detailed reference section on commands. The first four sections describe CP/M 3 operation for the first-time user. Section 1 introduces CP/M 3 and tells you how to start the operating system, enter commands, edit the command line, and create a back-up copy of your distribution disks. Section 2 discusses files, disks, and drives. Section 3 describes how you can use CP/M 3 to manage your pr inter and console. Section 4 develops the concepts you need to use CP/M 3 commands. If you are new to CP/M, read the first four sections carefully to get a general understanding of how to use CP/M 3 before you proceed to the specific command descriptions. Section 5 provides detailed information on each CP/M 3 utility program, arranged alphabetically for easy reference. Many of these are programming utilities that you will not use until you start writing your own CP/M 3 programs. Section 6 tells you how to use ED, the CP/M 3 file editor. With ED, you can create and edit program, text; and data files. Appendix A lists the messages CP/M 3 displays when it encounters special condi tions I and descr ibes correc tive action where necessary. Appendix B provides an ASCII to hexadecimal conversion iv vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1.1 How to Start CP/M 3 1 1.2 The Command Line .• 1 1.3 Why You Should Back Up Your Files 3 1.4 How to Make Copies of Your CP/M 3 Disks 4 2 Files, Disks, and Drives 2.1 What is a File? 7 2.2 How Are Files Created? . 7 2.3 Naming Files--What's in a Name? 8 2.4 Accessing Files--Do You Have the Correct Drive? 9 2.5 Accessing Files--User Numbers 10 2.6 Accessing More Than One File. 11 2.7 How to Protect Your Files 12 2.7.1 File Attributes •••. 12 2.7.2 Time and Date Stamping 13 2.7.3 Passwords • • . • • . 13 2.8 How Are Files Stored on a Disk? 14 2.9 Changing Floppy Disks 14 2.10 Protecting a Drive 15 3 Console and Printer 3.1 Controlling Console Output · · · . 17 3.2 Controlling Printer Output · · · 17 3.3 Console Line Editing . · · . 18 3.3.1 Line Editing in Nonbanked CP/M 3 · · 18 3.3.2 Line Editing in Banked CP/M 3 . · · . 19 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 3.4 Redirecting Input and Output 22 3.5 Assigning Logical Devices 24 4 CP/M 3 Command Concepts 4.1 Two Kinds of Commands 25 4.3 Transient Utility Commands. 26 4.4 How CP/M 3 Searches for Program and Data Files. 28 4.4.1 Finding Data Files 28 4.4.2 Finding Program Files 28 4.5 Executing Multiple COIT~ands 30 4.6 Terminating Programs • 31 4.7 Getting Help 32 5 Command Summary 5.1 Let's Get Past the Formalities . 33 5.2 How Commands Are Described 36 The DATE Command . 42 Set the Date and Time 42 The DEVICE COTIl!nand . 44 Display Device Characteristics and Assignments . 45 Assign a Logical Device • • • • • . 46 Set Attributes of a Physical Device .•• • • • 47 Display or Set the Current Console Screen Size 47 The DIR Command 48 Display Directory 48 Display Directory with Options 50 The DUMP Command . 57 The ED Command 58 The ERASE Command 65 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) The GENCOM Command 67 Attach RSX Files to a COM File • • • . 67 Generate a COM File Using only RSX Files • • 68 Restore a File with Attached RSXs 68 Update (Add or Replace) RSX Files 68 The GET Command • • 70 Get Console Input from a File 70 Terminate Console Input from a File 71 The HELP Command 73 Display Information 73 Add Your Own Descriptions to the HELP.HLP File 74 The HEXCOM Command 77 The INITDIR Command . 78 The LIB Command · 80 The LINK Command 83 The MAC Command · 86 PIP Command . · . 89 Single File Copy • • 89 Multiple File Copy • 92 Combining Files •• • • 93 Copy Files to and from Auxiliary Devices • • 94 Multiple Command Mode •••.•• 96 Using ~ptions with PIP •••••• 96 The PUT Command • • • • • • • 102 Direct Console Output to a File 102 Put Printer Output to a File ••• 103 Terminate Console Output to a File • 104 Terminate Printer Output to a File • 104 The RENAME Command 105 The RMAC Command 107 ix TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) The SET Co~~and • • 109 Assign a Label to the Disk . 109 Assign Password to the Label . 109 Enable/Disable Password Protection for Files • 110 Assign Passwords to Files •••• 111 Set Password Protection Mode for Files • 111 Assign a Default Password 112 Set Time Stamp Options on Disk • 112 Set File Attributes .•.. 114 Set Drive Attribute .•••••••. 116 Additional SET Examples 116 The SETDEF Command 117 Display the Program Loading Search Definitions • 117 Assign the Drive for Temporary Files ••••. 117 Define the Disk Drive Search Order 118 Define the File Type Search Order 118 Turn On/Off System Display Mode 119 The SHOW Command 121 Display Access Mode and Disk Space Available • 121 Display Disk Label • • • • • 121 Display User Number Information • • • • 122 Display Number of Free Directory Entries • 123 Display Drive Characteristics 123 The SID Command • • • 124 SID Utilities 128 The SUBMIT Command 130 Program Input Lines in a SUB File 131 The SUB File •••• 132 Executing the SUBMIT Command • • 132 The PROFILE.SUB Start-up File 133 The USER Command 136 The XREF Command 137 6 ED, The CP/M 3 Context Editor 6.1 Introduction to ED 139 6.2 Starting ED 139 x TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 6.3 ED Oper a tion • • 140 6.3.1 Appending Text into the Buffer 142 6.3.2 ED Exit. 143 6.4 Basic Editing Commands ••. 144 6.4.1 Moving the Character Pointer •• 146 6.4.2 Displaying Memory Buffer Contents • • 147 6.4.3 Deleting Characters •.• 148 6.4.4 Inserting Characters into the Memory Buffer • 150 6.4.5 Replacing Characters 151 6.5 Combining ED Commands 152 6.5.1 Moving the Character Pointer 152 6.5.2 Displaying Text . • . • • 153 6.5.3 Editing . • • • . • • • • 154 6.6 Advanced ED Commands .• 154 6.6.1 Moving the CP and Displaying Text . • . 154 6.6.2 Finding and Replacing Character Strings 156 6.6.3 Moving Text Blocks •.• .• .•• . 159 6.6.4 Saving or Abandoning Changes: ED Exit 161 6.7 ED Error Messages 162 xi APPENDIXES A CP/M 3 Messages • • • 163 B ASCII and Hexadecimal Conversions • 193 C Filetypes 197 D CP/M 3 Control Character Summary 199 E . User's Glossary •••••••.. 203 xii Foreword Welcome to the world of microcomputers opened to you by your eight-bit microprocessor.