THE LAST DAYS OF THE COMPANY A SOURCE BOOK OF INDIAN HISTORY (1818-I858) II THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDIAN POLICY THE LAST DAYS OF THE COMPANY A SOURCE BOOK OF INDIAN HISTORY 1818 1858 BY G. ANDERSO:'\, C.I.E., M.A. AND M. SUBEDAR, B.A., B.Sc, (Econ.) London In three Volumes, Svo, 4s. 6d. (Rs.J.Sl each I THE EXPANSION OF BRITISH INDIA Il THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN 1:-DJ.\N POLICY III THE ECONOMIC POLICY 0!' THE CO~IPANY lf'"fmri"t: LONDO~: G. BELL & SONS, LTD. BOMBAY: A. H. WHEELER & CO. XHE DEVELOPMENT bF AN INDIAN POLICY (I 8 I 8_:_ I 8 58) BY G. ANDERSON, C.I.E., M.A. FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF HISTORY, ELPHINSTONE COLLEGE,, BO~IBAY AND FI!LLOW OF BOMBAY UNIVERSITY AND M. SUBEDAR, B.A., B.Sc. (EcoN.) LoNDON FELLOW OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERVANTS OF INDIA SOCIETY'S BRANCH LIBRARY BOMBAY LONDON: G. BELL & SONS, LTD. INDIA: A. H. WHEELER & CO. BOMBAY, ALLAHABAD, & CALCUTTA 1921 CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE fHE FouNDATIONS oF AN INDIAN PoLICY I I. An Age of Peaceful Progress : R. C. Dut~ • 2 2. The Meaning of an Indian Policy : M. Chailley 4 3· The Methods of an Indian Policy : Sir John Malcolm 5 4· The Ideals of an Indian Policy : Holt Mackenzie • 7 5· Mountstuart Elphinstone : (i) George Canning, (ii) G. W. Forrest, (if) Address of the Indian inhabit- ants of Bombay Presidency • • • • II 6. The Reform of Hinduism : Raja Ram Mohan Roy I5 •7. The Brahmo Samaj : Trust Deed I8 8. Raja Ram Mohan Roy's place in History: S. D. Collet • • , • 20 9· Inscription on Raja Ram Mohan Roy's Tomb ·22 CHAPTER II THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITIES ; THE CHARTE:i Ac; OF 1B33 • 2j ro. Ideals of Indian Government : Report of the Select Committee • 24 n. Summary of the Provisions of the Charter Act of 1833: Sir Courtenay Ilbert ~S rz. Methods of Legislation : Board of Directors " 29 13. The Duties of the Government of India : Lord William Bentinck . 35 q. Relations between 'the ,Supreme and Subordinate Governments : Board of Directors • 39 v vi CONTENTS CHAPTER III THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 15. The Importance of the Law in the Development of Indian Policy : M. Chailley 16. Codification of Laws in British India: Sir Courtenay Ilbert • 17. The Anomalies of the Supreme Court: James Mill . 18. The Relations between Europeans and Indians in the Courts : Board of Directors so 19. Agitation in Calcutta: T. B. Macaulay 52 20. The Employment of Indians in the Subordinate Judicial Service: C. D. Field • CHAPTER IV THE PuBLIC SERVICES 59 21. The Training of Civil Servants at Haileybury : John Sullivan 61 22. The Training of Civil Servants in India : (i) Lord William Bentinck, (ii) Sir Charles Metcalfe 62 23. The Efficiency of the Civil Service : Lord William Bentinck 64 24. The Competitive System : T. B. Macaulay • 66 25. The Employment of Indians in the Public Services : (i) Sir Thomas Munro, (ii) Sir John Malcolm, (iii) Sir Thomas Munro . 71 26. The Removal of Disqualifications: Court of Directors 77 27. The Use of English in the Public Services: Govern- ment Resolution • 79 CHAPTER V THE SuPPRESSION oF INHUMAN CusTo!lts 81 28. Sati: Wm. Carey 83 29. The Abolition of Sati : (i) Lord William Bentinck, (ii) Government Regulations . Bi CONTENTS vii PAGE T~ SUPPRESSION OF INHUMAN CUSTOMS-continued 30. The Profession of Thugi: J. W. Kaye g6 31. Thugs at Work: Sir W~ Sleeman g8 32. A Gang of Successful Thugs: Captain Vallancey • 99 33. Lord William Bentinck : Inscription • 102 CHAPTER VI THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM 103 34· The Introduction of Western Learning: Raja Ram Mohan Roy • I05 35. Education in Bombay : Mountstuart Elphinstone • Io8 36. A Great Departure in Educational Policy : (i) T. B. Macaulay, (ii) Government Resolution, (iii) Alexander Duff no 37· Western Learning and Political Discontent: Sir Charles Metcalfe '. 125 3&· The Organisation of the New System: Annual • Report of the Committee of Education 127 39· Vernacular Education: W. Adam 130 40. Discipline in a Vernacular School: Cak.utta Review. 130 41. A Statement of Educational Policy : Despatch of 1854 132 CHAPTER VII 4 THE l REEDOM OF tHE PRESS ,.. ~35 42. Strict Control over the Press : Government Cor­ respondence 43· Dangers of a Free Press in India : (i) Mountstuart Elphinstone, (ii) Sir Thomas Munro 137 44· The Press in India in 1831: James Sutherland 140 45· The Benefits of a Free Press: Raja Ram Mohan Roy 141 46. The Freedom of the Press : Sir Charles Metcalfe • 143 47· The Calcutta Review: Alexander Duff 145 viii CONTENTS CHAPTER VIII THE LAST DAYS OF THE COMPANY 48. The Charter Act of 1853 49· Justification of the System of Double Govern­ ment : Petition of the East India Company so. Criticism of the System of Double Government : Lord Palmerston • 163 51. A Defence of the Company's Government: J. Mill 166 52. The Future Government of India: John Bright • 171 53· India under the Crown : Government of India Act, r8s8 175 NOTE. Thanks are due to the following publishers for their kind permission to reprint extracts from the books mentioned :- Messrs. Chatto and Wind us (Mr. R. C. Dutt's England and India). The Delegates of the Clarendon Press (Sir Courtenay IIbert's The Gllf:lernmmt of India and Legis/alive Methods and Frwms). c.. Messrs. Longmans, Green and Co. (Sir G. 0. Trevelyan's Life and Let!ers of Lrwd !rf<Uaulay). Messrs. Macmillan and Co., Ltd. (M. Chailley's Administrali'lle Problems of Briti'sls India). .