MUSIC HISTORY – MUSICAL PERIODS SUMMARY KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER The Baroque Period The Classical Period The Romantic Period (1600-1750) (1750-1820) (1820-1900) Baroque music sounDs ORNATE, DECORATED anD Classical music sounDs BALANCED, ELEGANT, Romantic music sounDs LYRICAL, EMOTIONAL, DRAMATIC EXTRAVAGANT ORDERED anD SYMMETRICAL anD DESCRIPTIVE THEMES – much music baseD on an emotion, place, dreams, ORNAMENTS – Decorations aDDeD to the meloDies BALANCED REGULAR PHRASES (4 anD 8 bars) the supernatural or stories POLYPHONIC TEXTURE – Dense overlapping with HOMOPHONIC TEXTURE – clear meloDy with an LEITMOTIFS – short melodies linked to a character or lots of interweaving melodies accompaniment emotions EXTRAVAGANT DYNAMICS – extremes useD to portray th rd th IMITATION anD SEQUENCE ALBERTI BASS – Pattern of Root, 5 , 3 , 5 as an intense emotion accompaniment TERRACED DYNAMICS – either louD or soft CHROMATICISM – use of notes outsiDe the key to create DISSONANCE FUNCTIONAL HARMONY – clear keys, cadences TIMBRE & SONORITY – mainly strings, simple anD moDulations RICHER HARMONIES – extenDeD chorDs anD unusual keys to wooDwinD (recorders) anD trumpets anD timpani help show emotion for Dramatic moments. HARPSICHORD (‘tinkling’ VARIETY IN DYNAMICS – wiDer range anD use of sounD) plays the (BASSO) CONTINUO (or ORGAN) CRESCENDO anD DIMINUENDO NATIONAL INFLUENCES – music influenceD by folk music anD with cello/Double bass to proviDe an national priDe accompaniment anD support harmonies TIMBRE & SONORITY – orchestra enlarged – TIMBRE & SONORITY – huge increase in size anD range of clarinets adDed, piano inventeD (replaced orchestral instruments. Harps, Tuba, Piccolo, Bass Clarinet, GROUND BASS, FUGUE, SONATA DA CHIESA, harpsichorD) Cor Anglais anD Double Bassoon aDDeD with large range of SONATA DA CAMERA, CONCERTO GROSSO, SOLO percussion . Piano popular – solo piano pieces CONCERTO, BAROQUE DANCE SUITE, “CHAMBER SYMPHONY, STRING QUARTET, SONATA PROGRAMME MUSIC: PROGRAMME SYMPHONY, CONCERT MUSIC”, OPERA, ORATORIO, MASS, CANTATA, (SONATA FORM), SOLO PIANO SONATAS, OVERTURE, SYMPHONIC/TONE POEM, INCIDENTAL MUSIC, CHORALES, PASSIONS, ANTHEMS CONCERTO, CHAMBER MUSIC, OPERA, MASS OPERAS, ORATORIOS, REQUIEMS, LIEDER, CONCERTOS Examples of Baroque Music: Examples of Romantic Music: “The Four Seasons” (Violin Concertos) by VivalDi Examples of Classical Music: “Raindrop Prelude” (solo piano piece) by Chopin “Symphony No.40 in G minor” by Mozart “Hebrides Overture” (Concert Overture) by Mendelssohn “Messiah” – (an Oratorio) by HanDel “Trumpet Concerto” by Haydn “New World Symphony” (Orchestral work) by Dvorák “Mass in B minor” (a sacred vocal work) by J. S. Bach “Symphony No.5” – Beethoven (“bridging the gap”to the Romantic) © WWW.MUSICALCONTEXTS.CO.UK .