Optimal use of ethnobotanical resources by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Laferriere, Joseph Edward. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 19:51:26 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185519 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. 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Contact UMI directly to order. U·M·I University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800;521-0600 Order Number 9136850 Optimal use of ethnobotanical resources by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico Laferriere, Joseph Edward, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1991 Copyright ©1991 by Laferriere, Joseph Edward. All rights reserved. U·M-I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 OPTIMAL USE OF ETHNOBOTANICAL RESOURCES BY THE MOUNTAIN PIMA OF CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO by Joseph. Edward Laferriere copyright (c) Joseph Edward Laferriere 1991 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY In Part·ial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 9 1 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by ____J_O_S_E_PH __ E_D_W_A_R_D __ L_AF_E_R_R_I_E_RE ________________ ___ entitled OPTIMAL USE OF ETHNOBOTANICAL RESOURCES BY THE MOUNTAIN PIMA OF CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement Doctor of Philosophy for the Degree of ----------------------------------------------------- LA IJ~)J~' ftat:LGL.-U. IW{llard Van Asdall Date ]~~t 1<oC:cQeu.u<, ~ /,)?)/q I Robert Robichaux ~ DatT ( t-"\ \C'IItV\-V -r . 6.-\N~ 4-/2 C; / q I DatJ Dat.e Oat'=! Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. UJ~/!o--vJ tJ::L-~ !~sertation Director Date . Willard Van Asdall 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was funded by a grant from the University of Arizona Graduate Student Development Fund, and a Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant .from the National Science Foundation to the author and Dr. Willard Van Asdall. Gary Nabhan and Amadeo Rea provided valuable advice on fieldwork. Bill Mitchell, Mark Kot, and Edward J. Whalen made indispensible suggestions on optimization methodology. Brian Bunday, Geoff Levin, Paul Martin, Steve McLaughlin, Bruce Winterhalder, Eric Smith, Allen Johnson, Robert Bye, Harriet Kuhnlain, Margarita Kay, Nancy Turner, Timothy Johns, Paul Minnis, Kik Moore, Adriana Rodriguez, David Shaul, Dean Saxton, and Lucille Saxton critiqued various portions of either the manuscript or the grant proposal and/or provided other ~seful suggestions. Adelle Unbauen and Joan Zokvic did a splendid job of keeping track of my grant money. Several people assisted in identification of specimens, including Becky VanDevender, Charles Mason, Richard Felger, John Reeder, Charlotte Reeder, Miriam Fritts, Steve McLaughlin, Paul Martin, Phil Jenkins, Tony Burgess, Tom VanDevender, Karen Adams, Don Pinkava, Billie Turner, Alan Zimmerman, Geoff Levin, Matt Lavin, Jan Bowers, Matt Thompson, Wendy Hodgson, Roger Sanders, Alfonso Delgado, Rupert Barneby, Richard Hauke, Ralph Brooks, ·.Reid Moran, Andrew Sanders, Richard Spellenberg, Jon Ricketson, Thomas Daniel, Mary. Butterwick, Guy Nesom, George Yatskievych, Elizabeth McClintock, William D'Arcy, Douglas Henderson, Paul Fantz, Kevin Dahl, Leticia Cabrera, William Weber, Robert Gilbertson, Paul Fryxell, John MacDougal, ~arren L. Wagner, Walter Kelley, Lauramay Dempster, Thomas Wendt, Daniel Austin, Landon McKinney, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz, Lincoln Constance, Rafael Corral-Diaz, . James Bauml, David Keil, Jorge Marroquin, Dale McNeal, Thomas Wendt, W. Douglas Stevens, Ronald Hartman, and Dawn Frame. I also express my appreciation to the good people of Nabogame, Las Varitas, and Yepachi, especially Cruz Castellano, Hermalinda Tello, Antonio Alvarez, Donasieno Cruz, Marta Cruz, Miguel Angel Cruz, Teresa Alvarez, Lupe Alvarez, and Isidro Cruz, without whose patience and generosity this work would have been impossible. Special thanks to Alfonso Alvarez, who collected many specimens on my behalf, and to Deborah Ellstrom, who provided financial and emotional support through some very trying times.. The dissertation is dedicated to the memory of Dionysia Sierra Cruz, 1985-87, of Nabogame. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6 LIST OF TABLES ••••••..•••..••••...•••.•.••..•.• .)...... 7 ABSTRACT •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 CHAPTER 1: THE MOUNTAIN PIMA •••••...•••••••.••..••••• 10 CHAPTER 2: THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT .•••••••.•••••••••. 24 CHAPTER 3: AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGy •••...•••.••.•••••• 39 CHAPTER 4: HUNTING, FISHING, AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRy ••••• 69 CHAPTER 5: WILD EDIBLE PLANTS AND FUNGI .•••••••••••••• 84 CHAPTER 6: DROUGHT •••••••..••••••.•.••••.••••••.••••• 118 CHAPTER 7: NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION ANALYSIS ••••••••••• 129 APPENDIX 1: ANNOTATED LIST OF PLANTS OF NABOGAME 163 APPENDIX 2: MOUNTAIN PIMA PLANT AND FUNGAL NAMES 206 APPENDIX 3: MOUNTAIN PIMA ANIMAL NAMES •••••••••.••••• 213 APPENDIX 4: LISTING OF QUICKBASIC PROGRAM USED IN OPTIMIZATION STUDy ••••••••••••••.•••••.••••••••• 216 REFERENCES 230 I 6 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1: Map showing Mountain Pima village of Nabogame • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 23 Figure 2: Yearly distribution of rainfall (mm) in the Mountain Pima community of Yecora, Sonora ••••••••• 38 Figure 3: Crop and cheese yields, Nabogame, 1988 •••••• 127 Figure 4: yields of noncultivated plants, Nabogame, 1988 · . .. 128 Figure 5: Nutrient constraint functions, time minimization model •.•••.•.••.•••..••••.•.••...•.• 153 Figure 6: Fitness as a function of intake rate, time minimization model .....•••••..•.•••.•••.•••• 154 Figure 7: Nutrient indexing factor •.••.•.••••..••••.•• 155 Figure 8: Program initialization, Box's complex method · ................................................ 156 Figure 9: Selection of new point, Box's complex method · ................................................ 157 7 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Estimated nutritional composition of Mountain Pima crops ..............•........•............••.•.••.• 67 Table 2: Productivity of Mountain Pima crops ••••.••••.• 68 Table 3: Annual animal consumption per family ••••••••.• 81 Table 4: Nutritional composition of Mountain Pima livestock ......................................... 82 Table 5: Nutritional composition of game animals .•..... 83 Table 6: Plants and fungi used as food and tea by the Mountain Pima .. '...........••............... 0 • • •• 114 Table 7: Estimated nutritional composition of nondomesticated Mountain Pima plant foods 116 Table 8: Costs and yields of noncultivated Mountain Pima plant foods ..•••.•.•.•.•.•.•...•••..•.....•• 117 Table 9: Work patterns predicted by optimization study 158 Table 10: Nutrient intake rates predicted by optimization study .........•..•.....••...•......... ,. .. 160 Table 11: Monthly workloads, caloric intakes, and