REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION, SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY SESSIONAL PAPER NO……………….. of 2012 A POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING Reforming Education and Training in Kenya. TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFINITIONS OF TERMS .......................................................................................................... viii SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE EDUCATION AND TRAINING SECTOR IN KENYA.......................................................................................................................................... 1 Basic Education ......................................................................................................................... 2 The Tertiary Sector .................................................................................................................... 2 The TIVET Sector...................................................................................................................... 3 Teacher Education, Development and Management. ................................................................ 3 Teacher Management ................................................................................................................. 3 University Education ................................................................................................................. 3 Kenya Qualifications Framework .............................................................................................. 4 Evolution of Policy on Education and Training ........................................................................ 4 Articles in the Constitution Relevant to Education and Training .............................................. 5 Implications of the Constitution to Education and Training ...................................................... 7 Growth of the Education and Training Sector ........................................................................... 9 CHAPTER TWO: PHILOSOPHY, VISION, MISSION MANDATE AND GOALS OF EDUCATION SECTOR .............................................................................................................. 12 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 12 Philosophy of Education .......................................................................................................... 12 Vision ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Mission ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Guiding Principles ................................................................................................................... 13 National Goals of Education and Training .............................................................................. 14 CHAPTER THREE: MACROECONOMIC CONTEXT ............................................................ 15 Pre-Primary Education ............................................................................................................. 17 Secondary Education ............................................................................................................... 18 Special Needs Education.......................................................................................................... 19 Alternative Provision to Basic Education ................................................................................ 19 Adult and Continuing Education ............................................................................................. 20 Technical Industrial Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training ............................................. 20 Teacher Education ................................................................................................................... 20 University Education ............................................................................................................... 21 Private Sector Provision of Education ..................................................................................... 21 Role of Education and Training in the Realization of Vision 2030 ......................................... 21 SECTION TWO: BASIC EDUCATION AND TRAINING ......................................................... 25 CHAPTER FOUR: ENHANCING ACCESS, EQUITY, QUALITY AND RELEVANCE....... 25 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 25 Vision ....................................................................................................................................... 25 Mission ..................................................................................................................................... 25 Guiding principles .................................................................................................................... 25 Goals of Basic Education ......................................................................................................... 26 Status of access, equity, quality and relevance in basic education .......................................... 31 i CHAPTER FIVE: EDUCATION FOR MARGINALISED, HARD-TO-REACH AND VULNERABLE GROUPS .......................................................................................................... 41 CHAPTER SIX: CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT ........................................................... 44 Relevance of the Curriculum ................................................................................................... 44 Curriculum content .................................................................................................................. 45 Assessment and Examinations ................................................................................................. 46 Standards and Quality Assurance (QAS) ................................................................................. 47 Mentoring, Moulding and Nurturing of National Values ........................................................ 48 CHAPTER SEVEN: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING ....................................... 51 Information and Communication Technology ......................................................................... 51 Open and Distance Learning (ODL) ........................................................................................ 53 CHAPTER EIGHT: GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING .................................................................................................................................. 55 Governance of the Education Sector ........................................................................................ 55 Management of the Education Sector ...................................................................................... 57 Human Resource Development and Management ................................................................... 58 CHAPTER NINE: TEACHER EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT .................................... 61 Pre-school teacher education ................................................................................................... 62 Primary school teacher education ............................................................................................ 62 Secondary school teacher education ........................................................................................ 63 Special Needs ........................................................................................................................... 64 CHAPTER TEN: TEACHER MANAGEMENT ........................................................................ 66 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 66 Challenges in Teacher Management ........................................................................................ 67 Teacher Registration ................................................................................................................ 67 Recruitment .............................................................................................................................. 67 Teacher Deployment ................................................................................................................ 68 Deployment of Institutional Administrators ............................................................................ 69 Teacher Promotion ................................................................................................................... 69 Teacher Discipline ................................................................................................................... 70 Teacher Quality Assurance and Standards .............................................................................. 71 Employee Separation ............................................................................................................... 71 Financing Of Teacher Management ......................................................................................... 72 CHAPTER ELEVEN: PLANNING,