ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE ADVANCED ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE ACTIVITY REPORT 2002 Activity Report 2002 LBNL-52972 JUNE 2003 Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 Advanced Light Source | Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California Berkeley, California 94720-8235 Er nest Or lando Lawrence Berkeley National Laborator y | University of Califor nia, Berkeley, Califor nia 94720-8235 LBNL-52972 FOR MORE INFORMATION FOR INFORMATION ABOUT FOR ALL OTHER INFORMATION USING THE ALS, CONTACT CONCERNING THE ALS, CONTACT Gary Krebs Jeffrey Troutman User Services Group Leader User Services Administrator Advanced Light Source Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory MS 6R2100 MS 6R2100 Berkeley, CA 94720-8235 Berkeley, CA 94720-8235 Tel: (510) 486-7727 Fax: (510) 486-4773 Tel: (510) 495-2001 Fax: (510) 486-4773 EDITORS: Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Theresa Duque Annette Greiner ALS HOME PAGE Elizabeth Moxon www-als.lbl.gov/ Arthur L. Robinson Lori Tamura DESIGN, LAYOUT, PHOTOGRAPHY: Berkeley Lab’s Technical and Electronic Information Department (TEID) Creative Services The editors gratefully acknowledge the ALS users and staff for their contributions, advice, and patience. DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored Available to DOE and DOE Contractors from the Office of by the United States Government. While this document is Scientific and Technical Communication, P.O. Box 62, Oak believed to contain correct information, neither the United Ridge, TN 37831. Prices available from (615) 576-8401. States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes Available to the public from the National Technical Information any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal respon­ Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal sibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any Road, Springfield, VA 22161. information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or repre­ Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is an sents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. equal opportunity employer. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or other­ wise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE ACTIVITY REPORT 2002 JUNE 2003 Er nest Or lando Lawrence Berkele y National Laborator y University of Califor nia, Berkeley, Califor nia 94720-8235 LBNL-52972 This work was suppor ted by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energ y Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, of the U. S. Depar tment of Energ y under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. CONTENTS iii CONTENTS Introduction ........................................................................................ v Note from the UEC Chair .................................................................... vi Science Highlights.............................................................................. 1 Overview ...................................................................................... 3 Feature: The ALS Takes the Plunge: Diving into Water’s Hydrogen-Bond Structure ..................... 5 Condensed Matter Physics.......................................................... 11 Materials Science....................................................................... 21 Polymers and Bioscience ............................................................ 32 Environmental and Earth Science ................................................ 35 Structural Biology ....................................................................... 41 Atomic and Molecular Science..................................................... 50 Accelerator Physics..................................................................... 60 Facility Report .................................................................................. 63 Feature: Structural Biology Hits High Gear: New Beamlines Double Crystallography Opportunities ...... 65 Operations ................................................................................. 71 Accelerator Physics..................................................................... 73 Experimental Systems ................................................................ 79 Scientific Support....................................................................... 86 User Services ............................................................................ 94 Special Events.................................................................................. 99 ALS Advisory Panels ....................................................................... 112 ALS Staff ........................................................................................ 114 Facts and Figures ........................................................................... 117 2002 Publications .......................................................................... 121 INTRODUCTION v INTRODUCTION Daniel Chemla, ALS Director In preparing for an important advanced designs that have emerged over the last ten review in February 2002, I chal­ years: elliptically polarizing undulators, in-vacuum small-gap lenged my management team to devices, and superconducting devices. Finally, we would formulate a succinct statement of like to build out a full complement of beamlines. The phi­ the mission of the Advanced losophy here would be to continue our move away from Light Source. The result was multipurpose beamlines and to come out of the upgrade “Support users in doing outstand­ with an array of application-specific beamlines, each of ing science.” I thoroughly endorse which is optimized to do one thing and to do it superbly. this statement and expect every With these upgrades, we are confident that the ALS can member of the ALS staff to relate sustain its international cutting-edge position into the fore­ their activities to this overriding seeable future. In the coming year, I intend to engage our goal. The expression “outstand­ advisory committees, in particular the Users’ Executive ing science” is self-explanatory; Committee and the Scientific Advisory Committee, to flesh the scientific highlights offered in out the details and present me with a vision of what the this volume represent a sampling of the excellent work that ideal suite of insertion devices and beamlines should look is going on at the ALS. The expression “supporting users” is like ten years from now. more elastic, and I distinguish between supporting users in Besides upgrading the existing facilities, we would like to the present and supporting users in the future. add a small ring, CIRCE (Coherent InfraRed CEnter), dedi­ The most fundamental support that we offer users in the cated to the production of coherent infrared and terahertz present is to supply regular, reliable, and stable beam. We radiation. Such a source could revolutionize studies of ultra­ then strive to ensure that our users have a favorable expe­ fast dynamic properties of materials, molecular vibrations rience when they get here, that they receive the help they and rotations, low-frequency protein motions, phonons, need in setting up their experiments, and that they get superconductor band gaps, electron scattering, and collective assistance, if needed, with the execution of their experi­ excitations. There is also a study under way at Berkeley Lab ments. We also assist our users in publicizing their work. It for a large-scale Linac-based Ultrafast X-ray source (LUX) to is not sufficient merely to do outstanding science. The rest address the growing national and international need for of the world must be told about it. femtosecond pulses of both soft and hard x rays. A favored site for LUX would be immediately adjacent to the ALS (see Supporting users in the future presents a major challenge. the layout below). In this long-range vision, the ALS, CIRCE, In 2003, we will be entering our second decade of operation. and LUX would become parts of a light-source cluster shar­ Are we sufficiently equipped to sustain the cutting-edge ing a common position that we presently enjoy? Do we have a strategy to infrastructure, continue into a third and possibly a fourth decade? We are including a new at a pivotal point in our history in that all the available user building and straight sections in our storage ring have been built out or CIRCE LUX user housing faci­ spoken for. We are proposing that we now enter a phase of lity. I look forward upgrade and renewal. User Housing to participating in Facility First, we would like to increase the brightness by going to the challenges ALS “top-up” injection, upgrading the rf system, and reducing ahead to convert User Support the vertical beam size. We would then like to start retiring these proposals Building our older undulators and replacing them with the more into reality. vi NOTE FROM THE UEC CHAIR NOTE FROM THE UEC CHAIR Roger Falcone, UEC Chair for 2002 I was very pleased to serve the novel ways of manipulating the magical machine behind users