JATE EGYETEMI GYŰJTEMÉNY m 1—, JÖIT.VASHAT^ HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC INTERACTION BETWEEN INNER-ASIA AND EUROPE ¡taft wmÉmíMk® 39 — r Historical and linguistic interaction between Inner-Asia and Europe Studia uralo-altaica 39 Redigunt Á. BERTA P. HAJDÚ T. MIKOLA A. RÓNA-TAS 158458 JATE Egyetemi Könyvtár J000094214 All orders should be addressed to John Benjamins, Amsterdam, Holland. Published by the Department of Altaic Studies (University of Szeged) Printed by Typo System, Szeged (Hungary) ISBN 9630481 881 1 ISSN 0133 4239 / T) 46 JATE BGYETEMI GYŰJTEMÉNY HHLYBSST 0lvashatö Historical and linguistic interaction between Inner-Asia and Europe Proceedings of the 39th Permanent International Altaistic Conference (PIAC) Szeged, Hungary: June 16-21, 1996 Edited by Árpád Berta with the editorial assistance of Edina Horváth í • 1997 Szeged Contents Preface IX Klára Agyagási, The Theoretical Possibilities of the Chronological Interpretation of Cheremiss Loanwords in Chuvash 1 V. M. Alpatov, Americanization of Japanese and Japanization of English 11 Hakan Aydemir, Tiirkçede ilk seslemdeki yuvarlak ünliilerin nitelikleri íizerine 19 Imre Baski, Onomasticon Turcicum 31 Armin Bassarak, Zu einigen Kombinationsbeschränkungen türkischer Verbsuffixe 43 Han-Woo Choi, Notes on Some Altaic Shamanistic Terms 57 Nurettin Demir, Die Vergangenheitsform auf -(y)ik in anatolischen Dialekten 65 Gerhard Doerfer, Cilger's Self-Criticism and the Problem of Ethnic Cleansing 81 Jelena Dshambinowa, Der weiße Hase im kalmückischen Heldenmärchen 89 Bajir Dugarov, Das Epos Abaj Geser: Tradition und Gegenwart... 95 Ildikó Ecsedy, Links Between China and Rome Through Byzantium and Persia: the Nomadic Mediation 99 Ahmet B. Ercilasun, Türk dilinde ek-ses iliçkisi 107 Stéphane Grivelet, The Latinization Attempt in Mongolia 115 Richard W. Howell, /r/Z N THE HOOD 121 Mária Ivanics, Das neugefundene Altan Debterl 127 Éva Kineses Nagy, Mongolian Loanwords in Chagatay 139 Gisaburo N. Kiyose, The Collapse of Palatal-Velar Harmony from Jurchen to Manchu 147 S. G. Kljashtornyj, The Polovcian Problem: the Central Asian Aspect (I) 151 Zeynep Korkmaz, Bati dilieri ve Türk dili grameri üzerindeki etkileri 155 Alibek Malayev, Pazyryk. A Method of Dechipering Ornament.... 163 Ruth I. Meserve, Western Medical Reports on Central Eurasia 179 Junko Miyawaki, The Khoyid Chief Amursana in the Fall of the Dzungars: The Importance of the Oyirad Family Trees Discovered in Kazan 195 Hans Nugteren, On the Classification of the "Peripheral" Mongolic Languages 207 Hidehiro Okada, Haslund's "Toregut Rarelro" Deciphered 217 Bibijna Oryzbaeva, Kirghiz-Turkish Linguistic Contacts 225 Tibor Porció, Preliminary Notes on the Uigur and Tibetan Versions of the Sitätapaträdhäram 229 András Róna-Tas, The Migration of the Hungarians and Their Settlement in the Carpathian Basin 243 Marti Roos, Recent Developments in Western Yugur 255 Volker Rybatzki, Einige Hilfsmittel zur Identifikation und Datierung mittelmongolischer ziviler Dokumente 269 Yoshio Saitö, Graphic Variation in the Mongolian Text of Muqaddimat al-Adab\ What Word-Medial Final Allographs Imply 295 János Sipos, Similar Musical Structures in Turkish, Mongolian, Tungus and Hungarian folk music 305 Marek Stachowski, Bemerkungen zu Zahlwörtern sowie Datums- und Altersangaben im Dolganischen und Jakutischen 317 Giovanni Stary, Eine mandschurische Beschreibung der Ungarn und ihrer Nachbarn aus dem 18. Jahrhundert 341 Erika Taube, Warum erzählen Erzähler manchmal nicht? 351 Edward Tryjarski, The Unity or Multiplicity of Runic Scripts. An Account of the Attempt to Isolate a South Yenisei Alphabet 365 Fikret Tiirkmen, Anadolu mizahinda bazi Iran ve Arap kökenli mizah tipleri 375 Käthe Uray-Kőhalmi, Die Sonne und ihre Familie in der Mythologie der tungusischen Völker 381 Emma Usmanova, Woman's Headdress and Its Semiotic Status in Ancient Eurasian Cultures 391 Hartmut Walravens, New Material on the Portraits of Meritorious Officers of the Qianlong Campaigns 401 у David С. Wright, The Death of Chinggis Khan in Mongolian, Chinese, Persian, and European Sources 425 Peter Zieme, Alkoholische Getränke bei den alten Türken 435 Mariann Zilahi, Языковое нововведение ли в татарском языке? 447 István Zimonyi, The Concept of Nomadic Polity in the Hungarian Chapter of Constantine Porphyrogenitus' De administrando imperio 459 Preface The 39th Meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference was held in Szeged, Hungary, between June 16-21, 1996. The organizers were especially pleased Szeged could host the conference in 1996 as it marked the 1100 anniversary of the Hungarian landtaking of the Carpathian Basin. The conference, focusing on the theme of "Historical and Linguistic Interaction between Inner-Asia and Europe", hosted over one hun- dred colleagues from twenty three different countries. The participants were greeted with a letter in the Opening Session of the Meeting by Árpád Göncz, President of the Republic of Hungary, Chairman for Hungary's Millecentennarium Anniversary Commemorative Commission, and Domokos Kosáry, former President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. István Szalay, Mayor of Szeged, and Péter Deme, Director of the Office for Hungary's Millecentennarium Anniversary Commemorative Commission, spoke at the Opening Session. On June 16 István Lehmann, President of the General Assembly of Csongrád County, held a reception welcoming the participants. On June 20 a one-day excursion was organized for the guests started with a reception given by Zoltán Tóth, Mayor of Kiskunhalas. Over eighty presentations were delivered at the conference. This volume contains all the submissions of the authors by December 31, 1996, the ex- tended deadline for the papers. Upon the publication of this collection, I would like to extend my heartful gratitude to all who assisted in the organization of the conference. Our special thanks to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Hungary's Millecentenna- rium Anniversary Commemorative Commission for financial support as well as Attila József University for overall assistance in conference preparations. Finally, I must thank my immediate colleagues; without their devoted efforts the conference could not have been realized, nor this volume published. June 1997 Árpád Berta I KLÁRA AGYAGÁSI (Debrecen) The Theoretical Possibilities of the Chronological Interpretation of Cheremiss Loanwords in Chuvash An investigation of Cheremiss loanwords in the Chuvash language raises four cardinal questions. Without answering these questions research cannot produce tangible results. The questions are the following: 1. What do we call a Cheremiss loan in Chuvash? 2. What are the chronological possibilities of the borrowings? 3. How many dialects can be considered to be donors, and what are they? 4. Where were the Cheremiss words borrowed in the geographical sense? To date, four monographs have been published on Cheremiss loanwords in the Chuvash language: Räsänen 1920, Fedotov 1968 I-II, Lukojanov 1974, Fedotov 1990. Räsänen's book deals mainly with Chuvash loans in the Cheremiss language, the author provides only a preliminary list of Cheremiss loans in Chuvash including the words common to the two languages (Ver- zeichnis der tscheremissischen Lehnwörter im Tschuwaschischen und anderer für diese Sprachen gemeinsamer Wörter, deren Etymologie unklar ist, pp. 238-274). Fedotov (1968 II. pp. 182-183) determines four principles which may serve as the theoretical basis for proving the Cheremiss origin of Chuvash words: 1. the principle of genetic relationship; 2. the principle of phonological order; 3. the principle of word formation and 4. the principle of geographical spread. Using these principles Fedotov identified 136 Chuvash words as loans of Cheremiss origin. Lukojanov employed Fedotov's princi- ples to classify 287 words as lexemes borrowed from Cheremiss. Finally, Fedotov in his last work (1990) revising Lukojanov's vocabulary accepted 245 Chuvash words as Cheremiss loans in Chuvash. In addition (pp. 291- 296) he provides a list of Chuvash phonetic phenomena which - according to him - are the results of Cheremiss influence on the Sundyr-Morgaush local variant of theViryal Chuvash dialect. However, the authors cited did not even ask the first question and were not able to answer all relevant aspects of the others. The reason for this is that before 1992 the layer of Cheremiss words of Finno-Ugric origin had not been determined and the Proto-Cheremiss forms of the words had not been 2 Klára Agyagási constructed. Second, the authors of these monographs did not use all possible sources of Chuvash historical phonetics as parallels (cf. Rona-Tas 1982) and did not consistently use the historico-comparative method. In this paper I would like to explore the chronological possibilities of the borrowing of Cheremiss loanwords. Examining the Cheremiss loans of Finno-Ugric origin I will attempt to demonstrate the main types of chrono- logical criteria. Bereczki, in his monograph on the formation of the ancient Cheremiss language (1994, pp. 14-16), came to the conclusion that no valid arguments exist to prove that the Cheremiss people inhabited their present-day home- land before the mid-13th century. Presumably they reached the left side of the River Volga while fleeing the Mongols. From the point of view of lin- guistics the mid-13th century is the last phase of the Late ancient Cheremiss period. It was after settling in the Volga region that dialectal differentiation and the dissolution of the ancient Cheremiss unity began (Bereczki