GREEN BUILDING CITY MARKET BRIEFS TABLE OF CONTENTS NORTH AMERICA Rotterdam Stockholm Austin Venice Boston Warsaw Chicago Houston AFRICA Los Angeles New Orleans Addis Ababa New York City Cape Town Philadelphia Dar es Salaam Portland Jo’Burg San Francisco Lagos Seattle Nairobi Toronto Vancouver SOUTH & WEST ASIA Washington, D.C. Delhi Dhaka North CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA Dhaka South Bogota Karachi Buenos Aires Mumbai Curitiba Lima EAST ASIA Mexico City Beijing Rio de Janeiro Changwon Santiago Hong Kong Sao Paulo Seoul Shanghai EUROPE Shenzhen Amsterdam Tokyo Athens Yokohama Barcelona Basel SOUTHEAST ASIA & OCEANA Berlin Bangkok Copenhagen Hanoi Istanbul Ho Chi Minh City London Jakarta Madrid Melbourne Milan Singapore Moscow Sydney Oslo Paris ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Rome FOREWORD This report addresses a critical issue facing mayors in cities around the world: building energy use is a leading contributor to urban – and global -- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It therefore represents one of the greatest opportunities for cities to tackle climate change locally, and contribute to ambitious national government targets at the Paris COP21 and beyond. Cities are the drivers of development, growth and investment. But rising consumption and production in cities is causing more than 70 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, and cities are vulnerable to climate impacts, such as sea level rise, heat waves and drought. If cities continue to develop according to the prevailing 20th century model, it will not be possible to prevent severe climate change. Fortunately, today, a number of leading mayors are forging a path to low carbon development and are already achieving economic growth by investing in sustainable city climate solutions. Indeed city leaders have been among the first to take climate action, proving that cities are a key part of the solution to climate change. Climate Action in Megacities 2.0, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group’s (C40) flagship report, reveals that 20% of all C40 city climate action is aimed at reducing emissions related to buildings, through measures such as green building codes, or policies targeting schools and municipal buildings. And there is scope to do so much more. In fact, C40’s research estimates that cities could reduce urban building emissions globally by 2.4 GtC02e in 2030 and 4.4 GtC02e in 2050 . The longstanding partnership between the C40 and the World/US Green Building Councils has focused on helping cities seize these very opportunities to realize efciencies in building energy and water resource use, delivering results in carbon reductions. The pages to follow show us that C40 cities, representing 500+ million people and one quarter of the global economy, are taking bold and innovate steps to address building energy use, improving the long-term sustainability of their municipal and private building infrastructure, for the benefit of urban citizens. We are proud to showcase such a vast compendium of solutions and key trends that can be shared and implemented more broadly by cities around the world. The kind of knowledge sharing and cooperation among cities that this report engenders is at the heart of the solution to climate change. Through local action, we are truly making a global impact. ROGER PLATT MARK WATTS PRESIDENT, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL C40 CITIES CLIMATE LEADERSHIP GROUP EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), the World Green Building Council (WGBC) and C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (C40) teamed up to create this compendium of city market briefs to shine a light on the exceptional work being done in the buildings sector by C40 cities around the world. By cataloguing the leading policies, programs and projects in cities, we hope to provide a comprehensive and accessible reference document that will inspire all cities seeking to increase building energy efciency. USGBC gathered the information for the city building briefs from publicly available sources as well as C40 mayoral powers data. The research spans a broad range of action areas, including city-wide sustainability initiatives, private sector green building • 74% are implementing incentives incentives, green codes, sustainable community development, for a greener built environment, energy benchmarking, green schools, green afordable housing, and sustainable transportation measures. All of these important • 67% have made a commitment actions are intended to mitigate climate change by reducing to green building codes, emissions, and create a more livable city. Further, these cities • 73% have green schools policies have certified nearly 5,000 LEED (Leadership in Energy and in place, Environmental Design) projects– a powerful demonstration of the • 61% enacted municipal green collective impact of the leading green building policies and actions building policies, and these cities have taken. Given the many ways for cities to take action in reducing emissions from the built environment, there • 49% are implementing are a few key ways with which cities are doing this that are worth sustainable community policies. highlighting here. WALK THE TALK SIXTY-ONE PERCENT of C40 cities have enacted municipal green building policies. These are critical as cities have the most control over their own buildings and are able to lead by example. For example, San Francisco requires its municipal facilities to achieve LEED Gold certification. The city of Basel has committed to a goal of becoming a carbon-neutral administration by 2040. Melbourne also has a goal of achieving zero-net emissions by 2020 for city operations. The city met its interim target of a 50% reduction below 1996-1997 emission levels in 2010. London’s RE:FIT program targets public building retrofits as a way to cut emissions and decrease energy costs. Beijing requires all new buildings, both public and private, to achieve a one-star rating under the China Green Building Label. PROVIDE A GREEN FOUNDATION SIXTY-SEVEN PERCENT of C40 cities have made a commitment to green building codes by instituting green building and energy codes in an efort to reduce emissions attributable to private sector buildings. Singapore’s Building Control Act requires all new construction and retrofits of existing buildings to achieve, at minimum, a Certified rating under the Green Mark Scheme; a proprietary rating system developed by the Building and Construction Authority of Singapore. The city of Boston requires all large-scale developments to achieve certification under the appropriate LEED rating system. Stockholm requires new buildings on land designated by the city to have a maximum energy intensity no greater than 55 kWh/m2; 35 kWh/m2 lower than the national standard. INCENTIVIZE THE MARKET NEARLY THREE-QUARTERS of the C40 Cities are implementing incentives for a greener built environment. To further spur sustainable development, many C40 cities have instituted incentives that reward private sector uptake of green building measures. Amsterdam provides property owners installing green roofs with a €50 per square foot subsidy, meant to cover 50% of the total installation costs. Several other cities such as Mexico City and New York City also incentivize the installation of green roofs. Shanghai ofers developers a wide range of incentives for incorporating various sustainable features in projects, such as the incorporation of renewable energy and upgrades to a building’s shell. Seattle ofers developers and property owners seeking LEED certification expedited review and permitting to streamline green projects. Nairobi provides property owners that are interested in increasing the energy efciency of their property with subsidized energy audits. Increasingly, more cities are targeting the residential sector as a way to reduce energy intensity and carbon emissions. Austin’s inventive S.M.A.R.T. Housing™ program provides fee reductions to developers of low- income housing that meet program specifications such as green building requirements and access to public transportation. Athens established the Energy Efciency in Household Buildings Program, which provides residents with free energy audits and access to low-interest financing to perform energy efciency improvements. The Jakarta Green Building Code requires energy intensity reductions in residential structures that can be achieved by simple, cost-efective measures. There is also a growing movement in developing programs targeting entire communities with 49% of C40 Cities currently implementing sustainable community policies. TEACH OUR CHILDREN SEVENTY-THREE PERCENT of C40 cities have green schools policies in place that are simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emissions and educating our future generations. C40 cities are engaging their youth in emissions reduction measures in innovative ways such as Lagos’ Power Kids Program, an interactive, extra-curricular initiative that teaches students about energy and how their behavior impacts the environment. In Curitiba, students learn proper recycling techniques and are in turn rewarded with toys, bus passes, or movie tickets for their recycled goods. Under the Paris Climate and Energy Action Plan, 30% energy savings are expected in primary and pre-schools; secondary school students are to take part in a program on energy efciency that features building tours, conferences, and debates. BUILD RESILIENCE Actions to improve building energy efciency collectively build city climate resilience. In addition, C40’s member cities are implementing targeted strategies to minimize