Journal of Natural and Allied Sciences Vol. II No.1, pp. 38-42, December 2018 Ampalaya (Momordica Charantia) Leaf Extract Against Gastro-Intestinal Parasites Of Native Chicken Elmer C. Vingua1 and Glynda F. Pariñas2 1 – Pangasinan State University, Sta, Maria Campus, Sta. Maria, Pangasinan1 2 _ Pangasinan State University, Sta, Maria Campus, Sta. Maria, Pangasinan2 [email protected] [email protected] Abstract - This study “Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) Leaf Extract Against Gastro-Intestinal Parasites Of Native Chicken” was conducted with the following objectives: (1) to evaluate the anthelminthic property of ampalaya leaf extract against gastro-intestinal parasites of native chicken; (2) to find out the best level of ampalaya leaf extract against gastro-intestinal parasites of native chicken; and (3) to compare the efficacy of ampalaya leaf extract against gastro-intestinal parasites of native chicken with commercial anthelmintics. A total of one hundred ten (110) native chickens positive of endoparasites were used in each study. One hundred five (105) were used for the trials and the remaining five (5) were necropsied to confirm the presence of adult gastro-intestinal parasites. There were five (5) trials conducted requiring twenty one (21) experimental chickens per trial. The experimental chickens (CRD). Two positive control namely: Piperazine dihydrochloride (PD) (T2) and a broad spectrum anthelminthic made of Mebendasole, Niclosamide and Levamisole (MNL) (T3) were used in the study. Descriptive analysis was used to interpret the results of the study. Results of the study show that after one week of administration (week 1), no gastro-intestinal parasite eggs were observed on the experimental chickens given commercial anthelminthics (PD and MNL). Those birds given ampalaya leaf extract exhibited no gastro-intestinal parasites eggs only on the third week. Based on the result of the study, the researchers conclude that ampalaya leaf extract (T4, T5, T6, and T7) is effective against gastro-intestinal parasites of native chicken. However, PD (T2) and MNL (T3) are more effective against gastro-intestinal parasites of native chicken. Keywords - Ampalaya, Anthelmintic, Native chicken expensive and highly toxic. The use of ethno- INTRODUCTION botanical anthelminthics that are safe and effective Parasitism poses many problems in poultry are highly recommended. and livestock. Heavy worm infestation has a Ampalaya is a vegetable grown throughout devastating effect on the growth, egg production, and the Philippines. The plant contains several other production performance of chicken. Parasitism biologically active compounds, chiefly momordicin I interferes with the normal physiological processes of and II, and cucurbitacin B[8]. The plants also contain the birds making them less resistant to bacterial and several bioactive glycosides (including momordin, or viral infection[5]. If unchecked, this will lead to charantin, charantosides, goyaglycosides, poor production and bankruptcy. momordicosides) and other terpenoid compounds As control measures, the use of commercial (including momordicin-28, momordicinin, anthelminthic is highly recommended. However, it is momordicilin, momordenol, and 38 ISSN 2599-4646 (Print) www.psurj.org/jonas ISSN 2599-4654 (Online) Journal of Natural and Allied Sciences Vol. II No.1, pp. 38-42, December 2018 momordol)[3],[10],[6],[1]. It also contains cytotoxic MATERIALS AND METHODS (ribosome-inactivating) proteins such as momorcharin and momordin[13]. Experimental Design Momordicin I, or 3,7,23- The experimental design used was the complete randomized design (CRD) in three trihydroxycucurbitan-5,24-dien-19-al, is a chemical compound found in the leaves of the bitter melon replicates. All the data on the performance of the experimental birds were subjected to analysis of (Momordica charantia), possibly responsible for its variance (ANOVA) for the degree of significance and reputed medicinal properties[17], [22]. The bitter taste of ampalaya is due to the presence of DMRT for mean comparison. Descriptive analysis was used for fecal analysis findings. momordicin[2]. Thus, it is being recommended by the Department of Health of the Philippines, as one A total of one hundred ten (110) native chickens positive of gastro-intestinal parasites were of the best herbal medicines for its ability to alleviate used in each study. One hundred five (105) were used liver problems such as Diabetes and HIV. In the for the trials and the remaining five (5) were Philippines, the leaves are often used for children's necropsied to confirm the presence of adult gastro- coughs. It is also used in the treatment of skin diseases, sterility in women, as a parasiticide, as an intestinal parasites. There were five (5) trials antipyretic, and as a purgative. Accordingly conducted requiring twenty one (21) experimental chickens per trial. The experimental chickens were ampalaya has anthelminthic property that can expel randomly distributed into seven (7) treatments using internal parasites [19], [11], [18], [12], [21], [4], the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in three [20],[9], [16]. (3) replicates. Descriptive analysis was used to Result of researches conducted proved that interpret the results of the study. ampalaya leaf extract is effective in controlling gastro-intestinal parasites of turkey, sasso and Treatments: local colored chicken when administered orally The treatments used were as follows: at the dose rate of 2-3ml[14], [15]. Furthermore, Treatment 1 - Control the addition of 10% ampalaya leaf meal is highly Treatment 2 - Piperazine dihydrochloride (PD) recommended on chicken layer ration [23]. Treatment 3 - Mebendasole, Niclosamide, and evamisole (MNL) Treatment 4 - 2.0 ml. ampalaya leaf extract given OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY once a week Treatment 5 - 2.0 ml. ampalaya leaf extract given This research study was conducted to twice a week ascertain the effectiveness of ampalaya leaf extract Treatment 6 - 3.0 ml. ampalaya leaf extract given against gastro-intestinal parasites of native chicken. once a week Treatment 7 - 3.0 ml. ampalaya leaf extract given Specifically, it aimed: twice a week 1. to evaluate the anthelminthic property of ampalaya leaf extract against gastro-intestinal Collection of Fecal Samples and Fecal Analysis parasites of native chicken; The collection of manure was done in the 2. to find out the optimum level and morning, one week before the conduct of the study frequency of administering ampalaya leaf extract and every week thereafter. Only fresh or newly against gastro-intestinal parasites of native chicken; voided droppings were collected and placed in a and clean plastic container and labeled for proper 3. to compare the anthelminthic efficacy of identification. These samples were submitted ampalaya leaf extract against gastro-intestinal immediately for fecal analysis using the Mc Master parasites of native chicken with commercial Method. anthelminthics. 39 ISSN 2599-4646 (Print) www.psurj.org/jonas ISSN 2599-4654 (Online) Journal of Natural and Allied Sciences Vol. II No.1, pp. 38-42, December 2018 Preparation of Ampalaya Leaf Extract Feeding Management A week before the start of the study, the The birds were fed twice daily with a mixed matured ampalaya leaves were gathered. The leaves ration of corn grits and rice bran at the rate of 100 were washed thoroughly to remove dirt and other grams per day. Fresh and clean water were given to foreign materials detrimental to the experimental the experimental chicken at all times. animals. After washing, the ampalaya leaves were drained and pounded using the mortar and pestle. The RESULTS AND DISCUSSION pounded leaves were placed in clean cheesecloth and Gain in Weight of the Experimental Native then squeezed to extract the juice. The extracted juice Chicken was placed in a clean glass container and then stored Result on the gain in weight (kg) of the in the refrigerator to be used in the study. experimental chickens as shown on Table 1 reveals an increase in the weight of all the experimental Administration of Ampalaya Leaf Extract chickens except those in control. This means that The ampalaya leaf extract was given orally to chicken infested with gastro-intestinal parasites failed each experimental bird according to the treatment to grow and develop muscles while those chicken using sterile disposable syringe. Ampalaya leaf free from gastro-intestinal parasites started to grow extract was given once or twice a week in the and develop muscles. morning before feeding the experimental native chicken. The commercial anthelminthics (PD and MNL) were given as per recommendation. Table 1. Mean Gain in Weight of the Experimental Chicken (kg) Initial Weight Final Weight Gain in Weight TREATMENT (kg) (kg) (kg) T1 - Control 0.95 0.71 (0.24) T2 - PD 1.19 1.27 0.08 T3 - MNL 0.93 1.05 0.12 T4 - 2.0 ml ALE once a week 1.05 1.35 0.30 T5 - 2.0 ml ALE twice a week 1.44 1.53 0.09 T6 - 3.0 ml ALE once a week 0.90 0.99 0.09 T7 - 3.0 ml ALE twice a week 1.19 1.30 0.11 Presence of Parasite eggs the experimental chickens given commercial On the quantity of gastro-intestinal parasite anthelminthics (PD and MNL). Furthermore, fecal eggs based on fecal analysis as shown on Table 2 analysis results conducted on the second and third reveals that all the experimental birds are infested week revealed that all the experimental birds were with gastro-intestinal parasites prior to the free of gastro-intestinal parasites except those birds in administration of ampalaya leaf extract (Week 0). the control with 650 and 750 gastro-intestinal parasite However, after one week of administration (week 1), eggs, respectively. no gastro-intestinal parasite eggs were observed on Table 2. Mean Number of Gastro-Intestinal Parasite Eggs (Based on Fecal Analysis (epg)) WEEK TREATMENT 0 1 2 3 T1 - Control 550 450 650 750 T2 - PD 400 0 0 0 T3 - MNL 400 0 0 0 T4 - 2.0 ml ALE given once a week 250 150 0 0 T5 - 2.0 ml ALE given twice a week 700 200 0 0 T6 - 3.0 ml ALE given once a week 550 200 0 0 T7 - 3.0 ml ALE given twice a week 800 100 0 0 40 ISSN 2599-4646 (Print) www.psurj.org/jonas ISSN 2599-4654 (Online) Journal of Natural and Allied Sciences Vol.