’ BE LL S C ATHE DRAL S E RIE S : E DITE D BY G LE E SON W HITE N DWARD F STRA G A D E . N E Y O RK THE CATHEDRA L CHURCH OF Y O R K A DESCRI PTI ON OF ITS FABRI C AND A BRI EF HISTORY OF THE ARCHI—EPISCOPA L SEE A C L TTON—BROCK . U W ITH FORTY -ONE I LL US TRATI ONS LO NDO N G E ORG E BE LL SONS 1 9 0 9 Fir st s e d Fe b ruar 1 8 . Publi h , y , 9 9 S e con d d on re s ed Oct ob e r 1 8 E iti , vi , , 99 R e n e d 1 0 2 1 0 pri t 9 , 9 7 . Third d on 1 0 E iti , 9 9 . S W K P R R TT G M AND CD CHI IC ESS : CHA LES W HI IN HA . TOOK S COURT C NC ERY L N E LON DON . , HA A , G E N E R A L PR E FA C E THIS series of mon ograph s has been planned to supply visitors t o the great English Cathedrals with accurate and well illus t rat - of e d guide books at a popular price . The aim each writer has been t o produce a work compiled with sufficient knowledge and scholarship t o be of value t o the student of Archaeology n ot u se and History, and yet t oo technical in language for the i of an ordinary vis tor or tourist . To specify all the authorities which have been made use of in each case would be difficult and tedious in this place . But amongst the general sources of information which have been almost invariably found useful are 1 ) the great county of in i histories, the value which , especially quest ons of gene is 2 alogy an d local records , generally recognised ; ( ) the numerous papers by experts which appear from time to time in the Transactions of the Antiquarian an d Archaeological Societies ; (3) the important documents made accessible in the series issued by the Master of the Rolls ; (4 ) the well known works of Britton and Willis on the English Cathedrals and ( 5 ) the very excellent series of Handbooks t o the Cathedrals originated by the late Mr John Murray ; to which the reader may in most cases be referred for fuller detail, especially in reference to . the histories of the respective sees . A UT H O R ’ S PR E FAC E I HAVE usually followed Profes sor Willis in his account of the Minster, and my obligations to his excellent works are general and continuous . Professor Willis made careful and extensive observations of o the Crypt and other parts of the Minster during the restorati n , n ow which gave him opportunities for investigation impossible . He also brought to these observations a learning an d sagacity probably greater than those of any other writer on English Gothic Architecture , and his little book remains the standard work on the history of the Minster . I regret that I have been unable to agree with several of m an d the theories of that ost enthusiastic diligent writer, Mr John Browne, or even to discuss them as I should have liked ; but his books must always be of great value to every l b o n e interested in the history of York . I am a so inde ted to ’ Canon Raine s excellent works and compilations ; to Mr Winston for his remarks on the glass in the Minster ; and to Professor Freeman for his interesting criticisms of the fabric generally . - B . A . C . C O N T E NT S — C PT E R I . H s o of the S ee a n d HA i t _ry City — CHA PTE R II . His tory of the Build in g — r n f r CHA PTE R III . De sc iptio o the Exte ior The We s t Fron t The N o rth T ran se pt Th e Ch a pte r- H o u se The Ch oir TheS outh Tran se pt The Cen tra l Towe r — PT E R IV esc on of t h e n e r o C HA . D ripti I t i r The Na ve Th e Tran se pt s The Cha pte r- H ou se The Cho i r The Crypt Th e R e cord R oo m M on um e n ts S tain ed Glass V —Th CHA PTE R . e Archbishops I N DE" I L L U S T R A T I O N S P AG E Y o n s e r t he e s on a n d N a e rk Mi t , W t Fr t v Arm s of t he S e e Th e n s e a n d B ootha m Bar i m on S are Mi t r , Exhibiti qu ’ S t M a ry s Abbe y Booth am B ar W alm ga t e Ba r Mickl egat e Bar Th e Sh a m bl e s Th e Mi n ste r (from an Old Pr i n t) The We s t F ron t ( 1 8 1 0) The as En d r B E t (f—om ritton ) The Wes t Fron t Ma i n E n tran ce The e r or o t he S o - as Ext i , fr m uth E t Th e e o ro the N or Ext ri r—, f m th Bay of Ch oir E—xte ri or S outh Tra n se pt Porch ’ S ea l of S t M ary s Abbe y Th N e ave— Th e N ave S outh A sle S o an se or m an d le e s or uth Tr pt—, Trif iu , C r t y Cha pte r H ous e E n tran ce an d S e d ilia The Choir S cre e n The o o ok n as Ch ir, l i g E t Ba of o — n e or y Ch ir I t ri . The o oo n es Ch ir, l ki g W t C ompartm e n t of A n cie n t Ch oir S talls C ompartm e n t of Altar S cre en The Ch oi r i n 1 8 1 0 The Vi rgi n an d Child (a Carvi n g be hi n d the Altar) The Crypt Ca pita ls in C rypt Effigy of M an le y Effigy of Arc hbish o p d e ( ire y M on um e n t of Willia m of H a tfie ld M on um e n t of A rchbi s h op Bowe t Th e E as t Wi n d ow Effigy of Archbish op S a vage Tom b of Archbish op S a vag e PLAN OF M i Ne R Y O R K M I N S TE R C HAPTE R I HISTORY OF TH E S EE AND CITY AT York the city did not grow up round the cathedral as at or Ely or Lincoln , for York , like Rome Athens , is an imme — — " morial a prehistoric city th ough like them it has legends of its foundation . Geoffrey of Monmouth , whose knowledge of Britain before the Roman occupation is not shared by our modern historians , gives the following account of its beginning . “ Ebrau cu s M e m riciu s , son of p , the third king from Brute , did build a city north of Humber, which from his own name, he Eb rau c— Eb rau cu s— called Kaer that is , the City of about the ” . as time that David ruled in Judea Thus, by tradition , both Ebrau cu s Romulus and were descended from Priam , Rome and York are sister cities ; and York is the older of the two . One can understand the eagerness of Drake , the historian of York, to believe the story . According to him the verity of Geoffren history has been excellently well vindicated , but in ’ " Drake s time romance was preferred to evidence almost as ’ as easily in Geoffrey s, and he gives us no facts to support h as . his belief, for the very good reason that he none to give M O11 Abandoning, therefore, the account of Geoffrey of mouth, we are reduced to these facts and surmises . Before the Roman inva sion the valley of the O use was in the hands of 011 a tribe called the Brigantes, who probably had a settlement n or ear the Site of the pre sent city of York . Tools of flint and bronze and vessels of clay have been found in the neigh ' bo rh in t e rm it t n u ood . e t war The Brigantes, no doubt, waged s upon the neighbouring tribe , and on the wolds surrounding the city are to be found barrows and traces of fortification s to which they retired from time to time for safety . The position 4 YO RK M I NSTE R of York would make it a favourable one for a settlement .