[Digitare il testo] Efficient Irrigation Management Tools for Agricultural Cultivations and Urban Landscapes IRMA WP6 Specialized research actions www.irrigation-management.eu Deliverable 6.3.3. Report regarding valuation of satellite images for evapotranspiration estimation European Territorial Cooperation Programmes (ETCP) GREECE-ITALY 2007-2013 www.greece-italy.eu Efficient Irrigation Management Tools for Agricultural Cultivations and Urban Landscapes (IRMA) www.irrigation-management.eu 2 IRMA partners Educational Institution of Epirus (LP, Lead Partner, TEIEP) http://www.teiep.gr, http://research.teiep.gr http://fla.teiep.gr (Hydroconcept R&D team) Olympiaki S.A., Development Enterprise of the Region of WesterGreece (P2, AEPDE) http://www.aepde.gr P3, INEA and from 2015: P7, CREA Ιstituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria (INEA) Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA) http://www.inea.it, http://sito.entecra.it/ Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (P4, ISPA-CNR) http://www.ispa.cnr.it/ Regione di Puglia (P5, ROP) http://www.regione.puglia.it Decentralised Administration of Epirus– Western Macedonia (P6, ROEDM) http://www.apdhp-dm.gov.gr 3 Publication info WP6: Specialized research actions Deliverable 6.3.3. Report regarding valuation of satellite images for evapotranspiration estimation The work that is presented in this ebook has been co-financed by EU / ERDF (75%) and national funds of Greece and Italy (25%) in the framework of the European Territorial Cooperation Programme (ETCP) GREECE-ITALY 2007-2013 (www.greece-italy.eu): IRMA project (www.irrigation-management.eu), subsidy contract no: I3.11.06. © This open access ebook is published under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC) license and is freely accessible online to anyone. 4 Deliverable 6.3.3. Report regarding valuation of satellite images for evapotranspiration estimation WP6: Specialized research actions Involved partners: CREA (P7), ex INEA (P3) Team: Dr. Vanino Silvia Dr. Nino Pasquale Dr. Falanga Bolognesi Salvatore Dr. De Michele Carlo Dr. Pulighe Giuseppe Dr. Nizza Giuliana Place and time: Rome, 2015 European Territorial Cooperation Programmes (ETCP) GREECE-ITALY 2007-2013 www.greece-italy.eu Efficient Irrigation Management Tools for Agricultural Cultivations and Urban Landscapes (IRMA) www.irrigation-management.eu 5 Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 9 1. Remote Sensing for Determining crop water requirements from satellite optical data: methodological background ................................................................................................. 10 2. Study area .................................................................................................................. 12 3. Resources ................................................................................................................... 14 3.1 LICOR LAI-2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer ......................................................................... 14 3.2 Satellite images ......................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Metereological data ................................................................................................... 15 3.4 Ancillary data ............................................................................................................ 18 4. Methodology .............................................................................................................. 19 4.1 Selection and purchase of image ................................................................................. 20 4.1.1 Basics ................................................................................................................. 20 4.2 Pre-processing of images ............................................................................................ 21 4.2.1 Georeferencing ................................................................................................... 21 4.2.2 Image radiometric correction ................................................................................ 21 4.2.3 Atmospheric correction ........................................................................................ 21 4.2.4 Mosaicking .......................................................................................................... 22 4.2.5 Vegetation Indices ............................................................................................... 22 4.2.6 Absolute normalization procedure applied to NDVI ................................................. 23 4.2.7 Inter-satellite cross-calibration (if using images from different satellites) ................... 24 4.2.8 Clouds and shadows mask .................................................................................... 24 4.2.9 RGB color composite ............................................................................................ 24 4.3 Computing biophysical parameters .............................................................................. 25 4.3.1 Leaf Area Index (LAI):theoretical background .......................................................... 26 4.3.2 Model calibration ................................................................................................ 27 4.3.3 Surface Albedo (r ) or Spectrally integrated hemispherical reflectance: Theoretical background ................................................................................................................. 29 4.3.4 Evapotranspiration under standard conditions (ETp): Theoretical background and equations ................................................................................................................... 30 4.3.5 direct calculation of ETp ....................................................................................... 31 4.3.6 crop coefficient approach ..................................................................................... 32 4.3.7 Irrigation Water Requirements (IWR) ..................................................................... 33 4.4 Images classification .................................................................................................. 33 4.5 Evapotranspiration maps ............................................................................................ 33 5. Results ....................................................................................................................... 35 6. Validation ................................................................................................................... 36 7. Web-GIS ..................................................................................................................... 37 8. Landscape aspects ....................................................................................................... 39 8.1 Greece study area ...................................................................................................... 39 8.2 italy study area .......................................................................................................... 40 9. References .................................................................................................................. 43 Annex 1 ............................................................................................................................. 44 detail on images aquisition .............................................................................................. 44 Annex 2 ............................................................................................................................. 48 Detail on Leaf Area Index measurement ............................................................................ 48 6 List of Figures Figure 1- REGION OF APULIA (ITALY) AND REGION OF EPIRUS AND WESTERN GREECE (GREECE) ............. 9 Figure 2 - Italian study area ....................................................................................... 12 Figure 3 - greece study area ....................................................................................... 13 Figure 4 - LICOR canopy analyser for LAI measurements ........................................................ 14 Figure 5 - trend OF annual MEDIUM TEMPERATURE AND rainfall for the years 2013 (a) and 2014 (b). Andria Station Italy .................................................................................................. 15 Figure 6 - TREND OF ANNUAL ET0 and rainfall events for the years 2013 (a) and 2014 (b). Andria Station Italy ................................................................................................................ 16 Figure 7 - TREND OF ANNUAL MEDIUM TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL FOR THE YEARS 2013 . KOMPOTI STATION Greece ............................................................................................. 17 Figure 8 - TREND OF ANNUAL ET0 AND RAINFALL EVENTS FOR THE YEARS 2013. KOMPOTI STATION GREECE ................................................................................................................ 17 Figure 9 - Method for ETp and Kc using in situ and satellite remotely data .................................... 19 Figure 10 –NDVI maps FOR LANDSAT 8 OLI. a) Italy DATE 10/08/2014. b) greece date 05/08/2014 ......... 23 Figure 11 – FAlse Color composite maps for Landsat 8 OLI – a) Italy DATE 10/08/2014.