University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 2011 Analysis, design, and strengthening of communication towers Cindy Dostatni University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Dostatni, Cindy, "Analysis, design, and strengthening of communication towers" (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 8119. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/8119 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). 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ANALYSIS, DESIGN, AND STRENGTHENING OF COMMUNICATION TOWERS by Cindy Dostatni A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through Civil and Environmental Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2011 ©2011 Cindy Dostatni Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington OttawaONK1A0N4 OttawaONK1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-80243-4 Our file Notre r6f4rence ISBN: 978-0-494-80243-4 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduce, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. 1+1 Canada Declaration of Co-Authorship / Previous Publication I. Co-Authorship Declaration I hereby declare that this dissertation incorporates material that is result of joint research, as follows: This dissertation also incorporates the outcome of a joint research undertaken in collaboration with Ms. Lihong Shen under the supervision of Professor Murty K. S. Madugula and Professor Faouzi Ghrib. The collaboration is covered in Chapter 4 of the dissertation. In all cases, the key ideas, primary contributions, data analysis and interpretation, were performed by the author, and the contribution of co-author was primarily through the provision of conducting the experimental investigation. This dissertation also incorporates the outcome of a joint research undertaken in collaboration with Mr. Yongcong Ding under the supervision of Professor Murty K.S. Madugula. The collaboration is covered in Chapter 5 of the dissertation. In all cases, the key ideas, primary contributions, experimental designs, data analysis and interpretation, were performed by the author, and the contribution of co-author was primarily through the provision of conducting the experimental investigation together with the author. I am aware of the University of Windsor Senate Policy on Authorship and I certify that I have properly acknowledged the contribution of other researchers to my dissertation, and have obtained written permission from each of the co-authors to include the above materials in my dissertation. I certify that, with the above qualification, this dissertation, and the research to which it refers, is the product of my own work. in II. Declaration of Previous Publication This dissertation includes two original papers that have been previously published for publication in peer reviewed journals, as follows: Dissertation Chapter Publication title Publication status Chapter 4 Tensile Strength of Bolted Ring-type Splices of Published Solid Round Leg Members of Guyed Communication Towers Chapter 5 Prying Action in Bolted Steel Circular Flange Published Connections I certify that I have obtained a written permission from the copyright owner to include the above published materials in my dissertation. I certify that the above material described work completed during my registration as graduate student at the University of Windsor. I declare that, to the best of my knowledge, my dissertation does not infringe upon anyone's copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my dissertation, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. Furthermore, to the extent that I have included copyrighted material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of the Canada Copyright Act, I certify that I have obtained a written permission from the copyright owner to include such materials in my dissertation. I declare that this is a true copy of my dissertation, including any final revisions, as approved by my dissertation committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this dissertation has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. IV ABSTRACT This dissertation discusses several topics relating to the analysis, design, and strengthening of self-supporting and guyed communication towers, some of which are not covered by Canadian Standard CSA S37-01 and American Standard ANSI/TIA/EIA-222-G. The effect of sudden guy rupture and guy slippage on guyed towers, effect of eccentricity on the tensile strength of bolted ring-type splice connections, calculation of prying action on bolted circular splice connections, and strengthening of solid round leg members with split pipes were studied. Experimental investigation was conducted on small-scale guyed tower test specimens, bolted ring-type and circular splice connections, and solid round steel members strengthened with split pipes. Finite element analysis models of small-scale guyed towers and solid round test specimens were built to simulate the experimental investigation. Based on experimental investigation, it was found that the maximum load amplification factors due to sudden guy wire rupture with an initial tension of 10% of the guy wire breaking strength ranged from 1.45 to 2.21, and those with doubled initial tension decreased to a range of 1.43 to 1.96. For guy slippage, it was found that those factors ranged from 1.10 to 1.56. The maximum load amplification factors are highest when rupture or slippage happened at top level guy wires. The finite element models can be used to determine the maximum load amplification factors due to sudden guy rupture and guy slippage on tower test specimens. On the basis of the research, it was concluded that bolted ring-type splices should be designed for combined stresses due to axial tension and bending moment. The equations for prying action given in the Canadian Institute of Steel Construction Handbook and American Institute of Steel Construction Manual can be used in circular flange connections, with the bolt pitch taken as the distance between the centres of bolts measured along the bolt circle. It is recommended that split pipes be used along the entire solid round steel member and be connected with end welds in addition to U-bolts/tabs. For stocky members, stitch welds are preferable since there is a minimal strength increase by using U-bolts/tabs only. The finite element models can be used to determine the failure loads of un-strengthened and strengthened solid round steel test specimens. v To my late father, Djatilaksono Limantara "Nobody can take education from you" 1946-1994 VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank God for His blessings throughout her study and the development of this research. The author would like to express her thanks and gratitude to: 1. Her principal advisor, Dr. Faouzi Ghrib, Associate Professor and