T1: STAKEHOLDER, TRADITIONAL OWNER AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT ASSESSMENT A report provided to the Australian Government by the Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program Taylor B1, Vella K2, Maclean K1, Newlands M3, Ritchie B4, Lockie S3, Lacey J1, Baresi U2, Barber M1, Siehoyono Sie L4, Martin M3, Marshall N1, Koopman D5 1Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation 2Queensland University of Technology 3James Cook University 4University of Queensland 5Australian Institute of Marine Science September 2019 Inquiries should be addressed to: Dr Bruce Taylor [email protected] This report should be cited as Taylor B, Vella K, Maclean K, Newlands M, Ritchie B, Lockie S, Lacey J, Baresi U, Barber M, Siehoyono Sie L, Martin M, Marshall N, Koopman D (2019) Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program: Stakeholder, Traditional Owner and Community Engagement Assessment. A report provided to the Australian Government by the Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program (95 pp). Copyright Except insofar as copyright in this document's material vests in third parties the material contained in this document constitutes copyright owned and/or administered by the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). AIMS reserves the right to set out the terms and conditions for the use of such material. Wherever a third party holds copyright in material presented in this document, the copyright remains with that party. Their permission may be required to use the material. AIMS has made all reasonable efforts to clearly label material where the copyright is owned by a third party and ensure that the copyright owner has consented to this material being presented in this document. Acknowledgement This work was undertaken for the Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program, a collaboration of leading experts, to create a suite of innovative measures to help preserve and restore the Great Barrier Reef. Funded by the Australian Government, partners include: the Australian Institute of Marine Science, CSIRO, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, the Great Barrier Reef Foundation, The University of Queensland, Queensland University of Technology and James Cook University, augmented by expertise from associated universities (University of Sydney, Southern Cross University, Melbourne University, Griffith University, University of Western Australia), engineering firms (Aurecon, WorleyParsons, Subcon) and international organisations (Mote Marine, NOAA, SECORE, The Nature Conservancy). The PD2 subproject team would like to acknowledge the advice and review provided by the following people in the development of the discussion papers that informed this technical report including Leah Talbot (CSIRO), Rosemary Hill (CSIRO), Allan Dale (JCU), Liz Wren (RRRC), Larissa Hale and Belinda Jago (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority). Disclaimer While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this document are factually correct, AIMS does not make any representation or give any warranty regarding the accuracy, completeness, currency or suitability for any particular purpose of the information or statements contained in this document. To the extent permitted by law AIMS shall not be liable for any loss, damage, cost or expense that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of or reliance on the contents of this document. © Copyright: Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). Contents 1. PREAMBLE .......................................................................................................... 1 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................... 1 3. INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES ...................................... 2 3.1 Why involve the public and stakeholders? ............................................................... 2 3.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................. 3 3.2.1 Objective 1: understanding the dimensions of social risk and social acceptability 3 3.2.2 Objective 2: informing the design of public and stakeholder engagement ............ 4 3.2.3 Objective 3: informing engagement with Traditional Owners and Indigenous peoples ............................................................................................................................... 4 4. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND TRADITIONAL OWNERS .................................. 4 4.1.1 Indigenous people and the Great Barrier Reef ...................................................... 4 4.1.2 Indigenous worldviews and custodianship ............................................................ 6 4.2 What is social risk and social licence ....................................................................... 7 4.2.1 Social risk .............................................................................................................. 7 4.2.2 Social licence ......................................................................................................... 7 5. METHODS ............................................................................................................. 8 5.1 Scoping and assessing engagement approaches .................................................... 8 5.1.1 Review of international literature on best practice participation ............................ 8 5.1.2 Review of existing engagement structures in the Great Barrier Reef .................... 8 5.1.3 Review of Traditional Owner engagement context in the Great Barrier Reef ........ 9 5.2 Preliminary risk assessment methods ...................................................................... 9 5.2.1 Survey of Australian and Great Barrier Reef residents ......................................... 9 5.2.2 Stakeholder interviews ........................................................................................ 10 5.2.3 Social media sentiment and textual analysis ....................................................... 10 6. FINDINGS ........................................................................................................... 11 6.1 Social risk assessment and social acceptance ...................................................... 11 6.1.1 Perceptions of Reef value, threats and response options ................................... 11 6.1.2 Perceived threats and risks to the Great Barrier Reef ......................................... 11 6.1.3 Perceptions about management and research in the Great Barrier Reef ........... 13 6.1.4 A role for restoration and adaptation interventions in the Great Barrier Reef ...... 13 6.1.5 Perceptions of specific reef restoration and adaptation interventions ................. 16 6.1.6 Emotional responses to interventions .................................................................. 16 6.1.7 Acceptance of reef interventions ......................................................................... 17 6.1.8 Factors influencing social acceptance ................................................................. 22 6.2 Community and stakeholder engagement .............................................................. 26 6.2.1 Lessons from large-scale ecological restoration and geoengineering projects ... 26 6.2.2 Guiding principles for engagement ...................................................................... 29 6.2.3 Different types of participants .............................................................................. 32 6.2.4 Opportunities for engaging stakeholders through existing structures .................. 34 6.2.5 Assessment of existing mechanisms for RRAP science engagement ................ 36 6.2.6 Stakeholder perceptions of benefits from engagement ....................................... 39 6.3 Scoping involvement of Traditional Owners ........................................................... 41 6.3.1 Traditional Owners in Great Barrier Reef governance and management ........... 41 6.3.2 Indigenous cultural heritage ................................................................................ 44 6.3.3 Threats to Indigenous heritage values ................................................................ 45 6.3.4 Benefits from custodial connections .................................................................... 46 6.3.5 Approaches for working with Traditional Owners and their knowledge contributions 46 7. KEY MESSAGES AND IMPLICATIONS ............................................................ 48 7.1.1 Insights on perceived risks and social acceptance .............................................. 48 7.1.2 Implications for communication ........................................................................... 50 7.1.3 Implications for future monitoring of social acceptance ....................................... 51 7.1.4 Implications for designing engagement processes .............................................. 52 7.1.5 Implications for working with Traditional Owners and Indigenous communities .. 55 8. INTEGRATION AND LINKS WITH OTHER RRAP ACTIVITIES ....................... 57 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 58 Appendix A – RRAP DOCUMENT MAP ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix B – EngageMEnt structurEs in the GrEat BarriEr ReEf ........................... 70 Appendix C – SystEMatic rEviEw of intErnational litEraturE ................................... 70 Appendix D – Restoration scEnarios usEd in national