Zootaxa 3797 (1): 207–268 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3797.1.15 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A03FDF55-8D04-49E6-ADC2-7684BCF7395D A revision of Miobantia Giglio-Tos, 1917 (Mantodea: Thespidae, Miobantiinae), with molecular association of dimorphic sexes and immature stages MARCUS V. SCHERRER Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, Brazil, 29075-010. E-mail: [email protected] Table of contents Abstract . 207 Introduction . 208 Material and Methods . 208 Results and Discussion . 212 Taxonomy . 214 Miobantia Giglio-Tos, 1917 . 214 Key to Species . 220 Miobantia aptera Giglio-Tos, 1917 . 221 Miobantia arctissima Scherrer, n. sp. 231 Miobantia ciliata (Stål, 1860) . 232 Miobantia fuscata (Giglio-Tos, 1915) . 238 Miobantia immanis Scherrer, n. sp. 246 Miobantia nordestina Scherrer, n. sp. 249 Miobantia phryganea (Saussure, 1869) . 250 Miobantia rustica (Fabricius, 1781) . 251 Miobantia sulista Scherrer, n. sp. .253 Concluding Remarks . 255 Acknowledgments . 255 References . 256 Appendix 1 . 258 Appendix 2 . 262 Appendix 3 . 262 Appendix 4 . 267 Abstract The Neotropical praying mantis genus Miobantia Giglio-Tos, 1917 currently includes six species with a complex taxonomic history. Although frequently found in the atlantic forest of Brazil, little is known about these species. Several obstacles make it difficult identifying these mantids, including high levels of sexual dimorphism and both sexes known only for one of the six currently known species. The taxonomic boundaries among the species of Miobantia are proposed in this work, through a cladistic analysis using 99 morphological characters, and the analysis of sequence variation of approximately 700 bp of the mithocondrial gene COI for association of dimorphic sexes and nymphs. Additionally, an investigation of intraspecific variation is conducted based on a large number of specimens of M. fuscata (Giglio-Tos) in oder to choose the most relevant features for the separation of the species to be used in taxonomic descriptions and identification keys. The male of M. aptera Giglio-Tos, and the females of M. ciliata (Stål) and M. fuscata are described for the first time, and redescription of the males of these and the female of M. aptera, are provided based on additional data. Miobantia nebulosa (Giglio-Tos) is herein re- described (male genitalia included) and proposed as a junior synonym of M. rustica (Fabr.). Additionally, four new species are here described, totaling nine species for the genus: M. immanis n. sp. (Espírito Santo, Brazil), M. arctissima n. sp. (Es- pírito Santo, Brazil), M. sulista n. sp. (Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; San Bernardino, Paraguay), and M. nordestina n. sp. (Bahia, Brazil); both sexes of all new species are described, except for M. arctissima, which remain known by males only. Identification keys and figures of diagnostic features are provided for both males and females of all valid species. The species distribution is mapped according to literature data and 50 new records. Key words: praying mantis, Miopteryginae, COI, DNA barcoding Accepted by J. Rivera & G.J. Svenson: 11 Mar. 2014; published: 21 May 2014 207 valuable loans of Miobantia specimens. Photographs of the type of M. ciliata are a courtesy of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseets (Stockholm, Sweden), and were kindly sent by Gunvi Lindberg and Kjell A. Johanson. Peter Schwendinger (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Switzerland), taked the photographs of M. phryganea. The photographs of the type of M. rustica were provided by George Beccaloni and are copyrighted to the Natural History Museum, London (England). Gavin Svenson (Cleveland Museum of Natural History) kindly took the images of the general morphology and labels of this type during his visit to the Natural History Museum, and Martin Stiewe dissected and imaged the male genitalia. Eliomar Menezes promptly helped with the process of obtention of the loan from MZUEFS. The molecular methodology was supported by Valéria Fagundes (UFES), who helpfully provided the technical equipments and lab workspace, as well as by the help of many colleagues of the Laboratório de Genética Animal and of the Núcleo de Genética Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade (UFES) especially Mariana S. Azevedo, Lucas A. Vianna, Arturo B. Martinelli, Lorena L. Dinelli, Victor H. Collombi, Rosana R. A. Nunes, Cristina D. A. Nogueira, and Juliana F. Justino. Alexandre P. Aguiar (UFES) contributed with many important suggestions to the manuscript and fully supported this research throughout its development; without his comments and assistance the present work would be quite limited. Mariana, and the lab colleagues Adriana C. B. Ramos, Anazélia M. Tedesco, Bernardo F. Santos, Fabiana G. Rampinelli, and Maria C. Carreiro, also helped with valuable discussions, in addition to contributions with collecting and sorting of many specimens of Miobantia. Gavin Svenson and Celso O. 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