Between Lipany and White Mountain Studies in Central European Histories Edited by Roger Chickering (Georgetown University) David M. Luebke (University of Oregon) Editorial Board Steven Beller (Washington, D.C.) Marc R. Forster (Connecticut College) Atina Grossmann (Columbia University) Peter Hayes (Northwestern University) Susan Karant-Nunn (University of Arizona) Mary Lindemann (University of Miami) H.C. Erik Midelfort (University of Virginia) David Sabean (University of California, Los Angeles) Jonathan Sperber (University of Missouri) Jan de Vries (University of California, Berkeley) VOLUME 58 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/sceh Between Lipany and White Mountain Essays in Late Medieval and Early Modern Bohemian History in Modern Czech Scholarship Edited, with an Introduction and Bibliography by James R. Palmitessa Translated by Barbara Day and Christopher Hopkinson LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Skica zimní aleje (“Sketch of a Winter Path”), © Irina Slámová. The artist lives and works in Táchov, a city on the edge of the Bohemian Czech Forest (český les) that borders the Czech Republic and Germany. Her illustration inviting one to enter the forest, an iconic symbol of the Czech landscape, invites the reader to become acquainted with the history and historiography of the Czech Lands. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Between Lipany and White Mountain : essays in late medieval and early modern Bohemian history in modern Czech scholarship / edited by James R. Palmitessa, Western Michigan University ; translated by Barbara Day and Christopher Hopkinson. pages cm. — (Studies in Central European histories ; volume 58) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-27757-1 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-27758-8 (e-book) 1. Bohemia (Czech Republic)—History—1403–1526. 2. Bohemia (Czech Republic)—History—1526–1618. 3. Bohemia (Czech Republic)—History—1618–1848. I. Palmitessa, James R., editor. DB2011.B48 2014 943.71'0224—dc23 2014018497 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1547-1217 isbn 978 90 04 27757 1 (hardback) isbn 978 90 04 27758 8 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Preface vii List of Tables xi List of Abbreviations xii Glossary of Place Names xiii Notes on the Text and Translations xiv About the Translators xvi Chronology xvii Map xix Introduction 1 1 The Social Outcome of the Hussite Revolution 43 Robert Kalivoda (translated by Barbara Day) 2 The Divided Nation 63 František Šmahel (translated by Barbara Day) 3 National and Linguistic Disputes in the Bohemian Vicariate of the Observant Franciscans 94 Petr Hlaváček (translated by Christopher Hopkinson) 4 The Arrival of Habsburg Archduke Ferdinand of Tyrol to Bohemia and His Court 120 Václav Bůžek (translated by Barbara Day) 5 The ‘Bohemian Question’ in the Sixteenth Century 149 František Kavka and Anna Skýbová (translated by Christopher Hopkinson) 6 The First Lady of the Kingdom 166 Josef Janáček (translated by Barbara Day) 7 Tolerance or Co-Existence? Relations between Religious Groups from the Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries 182 Josef Válka (translated by Barbara Day) vi contents 8 On a Case of Sexual Abuse and Rape of a Child before a City Court 197 Petr Kreuz (translated by Christopher Hopkinson) 9 Culture, Politics, and Law in the Lives of Charles of Žerotín the Elder and the Moravian Nobility 217 Tomáš Knoz (translated by Christopher Hopkinson) 10 The Transformation of Bohemian Religious Brotherhoods in the Early Modern Period 248 Jiří Mikulec (translated by Christopher Hopkinson) 11 Migration of the South Bohemian Population Before and After the Thirty Years War 269 Josef Grulich and Hermann Zeitlhofer (translated by Barbara Day) 12 The Exile 300 Lenka Bobková (translated by Christopher Hopkinson) Select Bibliography 329 Index 358 Preface This book presents a collection of twelve essays by modern Czech historians on the history of the Bohemian or Czech lands from the middle of the fifteenth to middle of the seventeenth century C.E. Originally published as journal articles and book chap- ters, they have been translated and appear here for the first time in English. The essays address a broad range of topics, including politics, religion, demography, everyday life, crime, and rural and urban society. They span in time from the Battle of Lipany on May 30, 1434, one of the recognized end points of the Hussite Wars (which is not well known outside of specialist circles), to the restructuring of Bohemian society in the 1620s following the defeat of Bohemian forces at the Battle of White Mountain on November 8, 1620, which is one of the most recognized events of early modern European history. The book is aimed primarily, but not only, at English-speaking students and schol- ars of late medieval and early modern European history who are interested in begin- ning a research project in Bohemian history, pursuing comparative studies, or simply want to expand their knowledge of European history. Their interest may have been sparked by reading a book on German or Central European history in which Bohemian developments appear prominently; hearing a Czech scholar present at a conference; or traveling to Prague, Český Krumlov, or a few other places in the Czech Republic designated as UNESCO World Heritage sites. New interest in Bohemian history arose in North America and Western Europe after the Velvet Revolution of 1989 (named for the relatively smooth nature of the regime change). The revolution loosened restrictions, and made it easier for students and scholars from western Europe and North America to travel to Czechoslovakia (since 1993, the Czech Republic) to conduct research, and gave students and scholars from the Czech Republic greater access to methodologies, theories, and historical scholar- ship outside of their countries. As a result, opportunities for dialogue have increased between Czech scholars, their neighbors in Central Europe, and the broader historical community in Europe and North America. The dissolution of communist rule and the subsequent entry of the Czech Republic into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1999) and the European Union (2004) have also awakened new interest on all sides in the role of Europe’s smaller societies in central historical developments, and high- lighted the need to better integrate the histories of Bohemia and other smaller societ- ies into the broader European historical narrative. Despite growing interest and dialogue, a number of challenges remain today in study of, and research in, late medieval and early modern Bohemian history. First, Czech is not one of the common research languages which historians and other schol- ars in the humanities and social sciences learn. Those gaining access to the scholarship viii preface of the field have to turn to the available scholarship in English and German. This schol- arship has made important contributions to our understanding of Bohemian history and its place in Central European history. In fact, much of what has entered English- language historical scholarship about Bohemia has come through related fields (espe- cially Habsburg history), but his scholarship alone cannot provide a complete picture of the history and historical scholarship about this period, which is mostly in Czech. Beyond the linguistic challenge, other factors related to historical developments of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have been responsible for the relatively low level of familiarity in North America and Western Europe with Czech history and his- torical writing, and have made it difficult to understand the place of the Bohemian lands within European history. In particular, the national revival movement of the nine- teenth century and specific features associated with the founding of Czechoslovakia in 1918, the successor state to the Bohemian Crown Lands, and the emergence of a liberal progressive narrative of European history after the First World War, have relegated the history of the Czech lands in the medieval and early modern periods to the margins of western civilization. Communist rule through most of the second half of the twentieth century further reinforced the view that these lands were different and served to iso- late Czech historians and Czech scholarship from western historiography.1 By bringing to English-speaking readers the rich history and historical writing of Bohemian lands, through the lens and words of Czech historians, the volume seeks to expand knowledge about the place of the Czech lands in late medieval and early modern Europe, and the rich