S SUMMER SCHOOLS EXPERT COMMENTARIES S GUEST LECTURES CENARIOS T S S TABLE NTERNATIONAL RELATIONS C I S NALYSIS AND FORECASTING FOREIGN POLICY ISCUSSIONS A T D C REFERENCE BOOKS DIALOGUE ETWORK SCIENCE WORKING PAPERS DUCATION N PROJE OUND E REPORTS NALYSIS AND FORECASTING URITY R A S ATION C C PROJE E ORGANIZATION OMPETITIONS C NTERNATIONAL ACTIVITY CONFERENCES DU I E S S S FOREIGN POLICY TALENT POOL CS S EDUCATION POOL POLITI EPORTS OUND TABLES ION R R ENARIO GLOBAL POLITICS ETWORK C NTERNATIONAL I N IVIL OCIETY INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS S C S LOBAL RELATION G TALENT SS EFERENCE BOOKS NTERNATIONAL Y R RUSSIAN I Y Y S C S ORGANIZATIONS DUCATION C INTERNATIONALE E U SECURITY C RELATION AFFAIRS COUNCIL SUMMER C POLI SCHOOLS IALOGUE IETY D TING ONAL OUND I R GUEST LECTURES C SC O S TABLES I TY IGRATION EPORTS I R S A V ARTNERSHIP OREIGN P I NTERNATIONAL IBRARY OADMAPS XPERT R F E I S ONFEREN IPLOMA D M C L URITY GLOBAL NTERNAT MIGRATION COMMENTARIES IVIL C I ACT S ILATERAL NTHOLOGIE C POOL D SCIENCE C REPORTS I BOOK E ISCUSSIONS INTERNSHIPS B A D IPLOMA E WEBSITE PARTNERSHIP INTERNSHIPS S S Y C TALENT C DIALOGUE GLOBAL NTHOLOGIESGLOBAL Y A C S D POLI FORE SCIENCE CONFERENCES POLI Y S C ITE EFEREN S S NALYSISSCIENCE IGRATION A IBRARY OADMAP EB ENARIO OREIGN R IPLOMA C F R L M OREIGN D S W NALY AND FORECASTING F S DIALOGUE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS A AND S NETWORK INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS E CLUB MEETINGS DIALOGUE DIPLOMACY PROJECTS HOOL S S C IALOGUE S T D C URITY UMMER ITE E S HIP C S OMMENTARIE TURE IVIL OCIETY C S C S EBSITE E REPORT C W C HIP EB S PROJE IGRATION LE S SC S EXPERT COMMENTARIES OREIGN POLICY F IEN T W M RELATION S XPERT IPLOMACY E D UE S EDUCATION NESS G ARTNER ETWORK SC NTERN S ANALYSIS AND I E I N P IBRARY FORECASTING C URITY L ONFEREN CIVIL SOCIETY C E THES RUSSIAN ARCTIC: POTENTIAL IEN S C NTHOLOGIES S S A GLOBAL POLITICS C S ILATERAL FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONCLUB MEETINGS S COMPETITIONS HIP B US HIP S ROUND TABLES S EPORT S ORKING PAPERS RUSSIAN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS COUNCIL (RIAC) ROADMAPS W E IGRATION PAPER ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING E 1, B. Yakimanka street, 119180, Moscow, Russia C R B CENARIOS ARTNERSHIP S C P LOBAL S Tel.: +7 (495) 225 6283 REFERENCE BOOKS S OMPETITION IBRARY ORKING L IEN ARTNER M Fax: +7 (495) 225 6284 NTERN S S G C W I IBRARY S XPERT COMMENTARIES P OMMENTARIE E L ION E–mail: [email protected] SC C www.russiancouncil.ru 17 / 2015 SS INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION S S U S ORGANIZATION REFERENCE BOOKS EDUCATION IETY SC C ISCUSSIONS I LOBAL D OADMAP SUMMER SCHOOLS XPERT OMPETITION UEST LECTURES IVIL O G ILATERAL HOOL NTERNATIONAL RELATIONS I E C S C D G R MEETING E ANTHOLOGIES B RELATION WORKING PAPERS C NTHOLOGIE UMMER ONFEREN LOBAL POLITICS IEN G LUB C NTERNATIONAL S SC C S I A FOREIGN POLICY TALENT POOL REFERENCE BOOKS C Cover Report 17 eng.indd 2 16.07.2015 22:30:22 RUSSIAN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS COUNCIL MOSCOW 2015 Russian International Affairs Council Council for the Study of Productive Forces Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief: I.S. Ivanov, RAS Corresponding Member, Dr. of History Authors: A.N. Pelyasov, Dr. of Geography (Head); A.V. Kotov, Ph.D. in Economics Copy editors: I.N. Timofeev, Ph.D. in Political Science; T.A. Makhmutov, Ph.D. in Political Science; L.V. Filippova; D.O. Kholopova The Russian Arctic: Potential for International Cooperation: Report No. 17 / 2015 / [A.N. Pelyasov (Head), A.V. Kotov]; [I.S. Ivanov (Editor-in-Chief)]; Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC). Moscow: Spetskniga, 2015. – 112 pp. – The names of authors and editors are listed on reverse of title page. ISBN 978-5-91891-370-3 The report continues work held in line with the “Roadmap for International Cooperation in the Arctic” project organized by the Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC). The report looks into the network of circumpolar territories including new industrial regions on the Arctic continental shelf, analyses key goals of educational cooperation and identifies opportunities for international collaboration among small and medium-sized businesses in the Arctic. Authors present their vision for strategic governance in the Russian Arctic and inter- municipal cooperation in the coastal zone of the Russian Federation. RIAC thanks Ksenia Kuzmina, Jacqueline Koo, and Douglas Herrick for their help with the editing process. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of RIAC. Any linguistic inadequacies in the publication are the sole responsibility of the translation editors. Cover photo credits (top down, left to right): wikipedia.org, gazprom.ru, rosatomflot.ru. The full text is published on RIAC’s website. You can download the report or leave a comment via this direct link russiancouncil.ru/en/report17 © Pelyasov A.N., Kotov A.V., 2015 © Drafting, translation and design. NPMP RIAC, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 4 1. Interregional International Cooperation in the Arctic 8 1.1. The Circumpolar Regions Network 8 1.2. New Industrial Regions on the Arctic Continental Shelf: Potential Spheres of International Cooperation in the Arctic 19 1.3. Arctic Cooperation of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses on the Sites of the Business Forum Established by the Arctic Council 28 1.4. Educational Cooperation in the Arctic and Competition for Talent 36 1.5. Inter-Municipal Cooperation in the Coastal Zone of the Russian Federation 46 1.6. Ecosystem-Based Management in the Arctic 52 2. Strategic Governance of the Russian Arctic 58 2.1. Prospects for the Creation of a Single Centre Responsible for the Implementation of the Russian Federation’s State Policy in the Arctic 58 2.2. The Arctic as a New (Virtual) Federal District 66 3. Conclusions and Recommendations 71 Tables and Figures 74 About the Authors 110 THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC: POTENTIAL FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Introduction International cooperation in the Arctic has been the subject of numerous works in recent years. Even though the extent of such cooperation is relatively small, scientists in and outside Russia have shown a keen interest in this phenomenon. The main reason for this is the unprecedented rate of its development: only 25 years ago there was no question of any cooperation between the Russian Arctic territories and those of other Arctic countries. Among the topics that engage scientists studying international cooperation in the Arctic are above all the general aspects of interstate cooperation, notably within the Arctic Council, the Standing Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region and the Northern Forum, which ensure Arctic navigation along the Northern Sea Route. These issues are addressed in presentations, articles and monographs by A.V. Vasilyev, Y.F. Lukin, G.D. Oleinik, V.I. Smorchkova, O.R. Young and other Russian and foreign experts1. During Soviet times, practically the only topic approached through international cooperation in the Arctic was how to protect its fragile natural environment. This topic still looms large today, with the addition of climate change issues, as Russian and foreign scientists study the impact of climate change in the Arctic on circumpolar cooperation. We are referring to the works of A.V. Zagorsky, M.L. Lagutina, A.V. Fedotovskikh, N.K. Kharlampiyeva, W. Ostreng, M. Tennberg and others.2 A separate block of studies is naturally devoted to cooperation among the polar states in the management of natural resources and in implementing on-shore and off-shore Arctic mega-projects. The most notable works in this area come from 1 Arctic Region: Problems of International Cooperation. Anthology: in three volumes / Russian International Affairs Council. Moscow, Aspekt Press, 2013. Vasilyev, A.V. “The Arctic: A New Development Vector // Arktika. Ekologia i Ekonomika, 2011. No 1, pp. 20–25 (in Russian). Zuyevskaya, A.P. International Relations in the Arctic Region: Marine Activities of the Coastal Regions of the Russian Federation // Development of the North and the Arctic: Problems and Prospects: Proceedings of the Interregional Scientific-Practical Conference, Apatity, November 14–16, 2012, Apatity, 2012 (in Russian). Lukin, Yu.F. Arctic Solidarity // Vestnik Severnogo (Arkticheskogo) Federalnogo Universiteta. Social Sciences and Humanities Series. 2010. No. 4, pp. 7–14 (in Russian). Oleinik, G.D. International Economic Cooperation in the North Must Be Actively Developed. URL: http://www.council.gov.ru/ media/files/41d44f2433e3c8cd295a.pdf#page=51 (in Russian). Smorchkova, V.I. The Arctic: Region of Peace and Global Cooperation: Institutional Prerequisites of Sustainable Development. Moscow, Russian Civil Service Academy Publishing House, 2003 (in Russian). Young O.R. The Structure of Arctic Cooperation: Solving Problems/Seizing Opportunities. 2000. URL: http://www.arcticparl.org/files/images/conf4_sac.pdf. Young O.R. Governing the Arctic: From Cold War Theater to Mosaic of Cooperation // Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations. 2005, January/March. Vol. 11. No. 1, pp. 9–15. Young O.R. Whither the Arctic? Conflict or Cooperation in the Circumpolar North. Polar Record, Cambridge University Press, 2009. 2 Kharlampiyeva, N.K., Lagutina, M.L. International Cooperation in the Arctic: The Environmental-Political Aspect // So- ciety. Environment. Development (Terra Humana). 2010. No. 3, pp. 212–217 (in Russian). Fedotovskikh, A.V. Economic Modeling of the Consequences of Climate Change in the Russian Arctic Zone // The State of Arctic Seas and Territories in Conditions of Climate Change: Collection of Summaries of Presentations at the All-Russian Conference with International Participation / Compiled by S.V.Ryabchenko; Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University.