MAGISTERUPPSATS I BIBLIOTEKS- OCH INFORMATIONSVETENSKAP VID INSTITUTIONEN BIBLIOTEKS- OCH INFORMATIONSVETENSKAP/BIBLIOTEKSHÖGSKOLAN 2009:32 ISSN 1654-0247 School Libraries An Analysis of the Socio-Economical Differences in Lima MARIA LUISA TAPIA PAEZ © Maria Luisa Tapia Paez Mångfaldigande och spridande av innehållet i denna uppsats – helt eller delvis – är förbjudet utan medgivande. Engelsk Titel : School Libraries An Analysis of the Socio-Economical Differences in Lima Svensk Titel: Skolbiblioteken En analys av de socio-ekonomiska skillnaderna i Lima Författare: Maria Luisa Tapia Paez Kollegium: Kollegium 1 Färdigställt: 2009 Handledare: Magnus Torstensson Abstract: The aim of the thesis is to analyze the situation of school libraries in areas of different socio-economical characteristics within Metropolitan Lima, Peru. I will study how the ScL(s), are affected with regard to organization, resources and services. In this study, I have chosen ten school libraries from different socio-economical conditions. Three of these school libraries are elite private schools and the rest represent the public schools. The empirical study consisted of interviews with persons in charge of the school libraries in each school, interviews with the school principals, interviews with the public officials of the NLP (National Library of Peru) and questionnaires answered by the students. The thesis is also based on observations I have made. The empirical material has been theoretically analysed based on Loertscher’s taxonomies of the school library media program. Loertscher’s taxonomy is used to analyze the ScL’s standard. A major finding of this thesis is that the school libraries of the elite private schools have a high standard, taking an active role in their own operation; with library staffs which are autonomous and well trained, having the ability to make their own decisions. In contrast, the libraries from the public schools have an inferior standard when compared to the private schools. In the ScL(s) from the public schools the students do not have access to computers and the staffs do not have autonomy or access to training. Keywords: socio-economic groups, school libraries, Loertscher, Peru, Lima. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 AIM OF THE STUDY AND QUESTIONS............................................................................................................. 2 1.3 DEFINITIONS.................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.4 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................ 4 1.4.1 Selection of the Schools ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.4.2 Observation .......................................................................................................................................... 7 1.4.3 The Questionnaires............................................................................................................................... 7 1.4.4 The Interviews ...................................................................................................................................... 9 1.4.5 Document Studies ............................................................................................................................... 10 1.5 THEORY....................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.5.1 LOERTSCHER’S TAXONOMY ..................................................................................................................... 12 1.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC THEORY ......................................................................................................................... 16 1.7 PREVIOUS RESEARCH AND OTHER MATERIAL............................................................................................. 17 1.8 SEARCH PROCESS ........................................................................................................................................ 20 1.9 PLAN OF THE THESIS ................................................................................................................................... 20 2. PERU-LIMA.................................................................................................................................................... 22 2.1 GENERAL FACTS ......................................................................................................................................... 22 2.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUPS IN LIMA............................................................................................................ 23 2.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUPS ACCORDING TO GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION IN LIMA...................................... 24 2.4 THE PERUVIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ...................................................................................................... 26 3. THE SCHOOL LIBRARY’S SYSTEM........................................................................................................ 27 3.1 SCHOOL LIBRARY MANIFESTO IFLA/ UNESCO ........................................................................................... 27 3.2 THE PERUVIAN SCHOOL LIBRARY............................................................................................................... 28 3.2.1 Legal Basis for School Libraries in Peru ........................................................................................... 29 3.2.2 Interviews with the Technical Directors in the National Library System........................................... 30 4. RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................................ 32 4.1 OBSERVATION............................................................................................................................................. 32 4.2 QUESTIONS TO THE PRINCIPALS .................................................................................................................. 34 4.3 INTERVIEWS WITH THE PERSONS IN CHARGE OF THE SCHOOL LIBRARY...................................................... 38 4.4 QUESTIONNAIRES TO THE STUDENTS........................................................................................................... 45 5. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS................................................................................. 52 5.1 THE SCHOOL LIBRARY’S SITUATION IN THE A GROUP ................................................................................ 52 5.1.1 The Analysis of the A Group According to Loertscher’s Taxonomy................................................... 53 5.2 THE SCHOOL LIBRARY’S SITUATION IN THE C GROUP ................................................................................ 55 5.2.1 The Analysis of the C Group According to Loertscher’s Taxonomy................................................... 57 5.3 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE BOTH GROUPS........................................................................................ 58 5.4 THE SOCIO-ECONOMICAL VARIATIONS IN THE DIFFERENT AREAS IN LIMA................................................ 60 6. CONCLUDING DISCUSSION...................................................................................................................... 62 7. SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................... 66 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................... 68 APPENDIX 1 TABLES BASED ON THE QUESTIONNAIRES TO THE STUDENTS............................. 71 APPENDIX 2 FORM FOR THE SCHOOL ..................................................................................................... 74 APPENDIX 3 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH THE PERSON IN CHARGE OF THE SCHOOL LIBRARY ............................................................................................................................................................ 75 APPENDIX 4 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS TO THE SCHOOL PRINCIPAL ............................................. 77 APPENDIX 5 QUESTIONNAIRE TO THE STUDENTS .............................................................................. 78 APPENDIX 6 OBSERVATION OF THE SCHOOL AND THEIR LIBRARIES......................................... 81 APPENDIX 7- 2004 SOCIO-ECONOMIC MODEL, METROPOLITAN LIMA........................................ 82 1. Introduction This section presents the thesis topic, its purpose and questions and the definitions. Then I will provide an overview of the methods that are used. This chapter thereafter continues with the selection of the schools in the sample that is described and motivated. Then I will present the applied methods such as the observations, questionnaires, interviews and document studies. This chapter also deals with other areas like the theoretical framework