NAC-0073_R3 Conceptual Site Model for the West Valley Site 23 June 2017 Prepared by NEPTUNE AND COMPANY, INC. 1435 Garrison St, Suite 201, Lakewood, CO 80215 Conceptual Site Model for the West Valley Site 1. Title: Conceptual Site Model for the West Valley Site 2. Filename: West Valley CSM R3.docx 3. Description: This report documents the Conceptual Site Model for the West Valley Site, New York. Name Date 4. Originators K. Crowell, A. Jordan, R. Lee, R. Perona, 28 Dec 2016 R. Ryti, M. Sully, J. Tauxe 5. Reviewers P. Black, A. Devlin, D. Levitt 6 Jan 2017 6. Remarks Version R3 released 25 June 2017. 23 June 2017 ii Conceptual Site Model for the West Valley Site CONTENTS CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... iii FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... vii TABLES ........................................................................................................................................ xi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... xii 1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose ..............................................................................................................................2 1.2 Organization and Context .................................................................................................2 2.0 Regulatory Context .................................................................................................................3 2.1 Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulations ..................................................................4 2.2 Department of Energy Radiation Protection .....................................................................6 2.3 Environmental Protection Agency Regulations ................................................................6 2.3.1 RCRA ..........................................................................................................................6 2.3.2 NESHAPS ...................................................................................................................6 2.4 New York State Regulations .............................................................................................7 3.0 Disposal Facility Characteristics ............................................................................................8 3.1 West Valley Site Facilities ................................................................................................8 3.1.1 Regions within the West Valley Site ...........................................................................8 3.1.1.1 Waste Management Areas .....................................................................................9 3.1.1.2 NDA ....................................................................................................................12 3.1.1.3 SDA .....................................................................................................................13 3.1.1.4 WTF .....................................................................................................................15 3.1.1.5 Off-Site Areas ......................................................................................................15 3.1.2 Engineered Structures ................................................................................................15 3.1.2.1 Reactive Barriers .................................................................................................15 3.1.2.2 Below-Grade Walls and Interceptor Trenches ....................................................16 3.1.2.3 Covers ..................................................................................................................17 3.2 Environmental Setting .....................................................................................................19 3.2.1 Physiography and Topography ..................................................................................19 3.2.2 Demography ..............................................................................................................22 3.2.3 Land Use ....................................................................................................................23 3.2.4 Natural Resources ......................................................................................................26 3.2.5 Meteorology and Climate ..........................................................................................27 3.2.5.1 Climate Classification .........................................................................................28 3.2.5.2 Influence of Atmospheric Circulation .................................................................28 3.2.5.3 Influence of Physiography ...................................................................................28 3.2.5.4 Meteorological Records.......................................................................................29 3.2.5.5 Severe Weather ....................................................................................................37 3.2.5.6 Air Dispersion .....................................................................................................38 3.2.6 Ecology ......................................................................................................................39 3.2.6.1 Plants ...................................................................................................................39 3.2.6.2 Mammals .............................................................................................................40 3.2.6.3 Birds ....................................................................................................................41 3.2.6.4 Other Animal Life ...............................................................................................41 3.2.6.5 Aquatic Environments .........................................................................................42 23 June 2017 iii Conceptual Site Model for the West Valley Site 3.2.6.6 Protected Species .................................................................................................43 3.2.7 Geology .....................................................................................................................43 3.2.7.1 Regional Geology and Tectonic Setting ..............................................................43 3.2.7.1.1 Precambrian Rocks and the Grenville Orogeny ............................................44 3.2.7.1.2 Paleozoic Rocks of New York State and the Eastern Coast of the North American Continent .......................................................................................44 3.2.7.1.3 Mesozoic and Cenozoic Geologic History of New York State .....................46 3.2.7.2 Geomorphology ...................................................................................................49 3.2.7.2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................49 3.2.7.2.2 Erosion ...........................................................................................................51 3.2.7.3 Stratigraphy of the Site ........................................................................................65 3.2.7.3.1 Paleozoic Bedrock .........................................................................................65 3.2.7.3.2 Pleistocene Glacial Stratigraphy ....................................................................66 3.2.7.4 Faulting and Seismicity .......................................................................................73 3.2.7.4.1 Fault Systems—Western New York ..............................................................73 3.2.7.4.2 Seismic Hazard Analysis ...............................................................................75 3.2.7.5 Volcanic and Igneous Activity ............................................................................82 3.2.8 Hydrology ..................................................................................................................82 3.2.8.1 Surface Water Hydrology ....................................................................................82 3.2.8.1.1 Surface Water Occurrence .............................................................................82 3.2.8.1.2 Discharge .......................................................................................................89 3.2.8.1.3 Flooding .........................................................................................................93 3.2.8.2 Groundwater Hydrology ......................................................................................96 3.2.8.2.1 Regional Hydrogeologic Setting ....................................................................96 3.2.8.2.2 Hydrogeologic Properties of the Units ..........................................................97 3.2.8.2.3 Vadose Zone Flow .......................................................................................101 3.2.8.2.4 Groundwater Occurrence .............................................................................103 3.2.8.2.5 Groundwater Movement ..............................................................................108