CONTENTS Preface........................ 5 Bibliography...................... 11 Abbreviations..................... 17 I. Introduction...................... 19 A. The Text......................21 B. Ancient Sources on Paulinus ..............22 C. A Sketch of Paulinus’s Life................24 II. Paulinus’s Understanding of Conversion............33 A. Conuertere and conuersio in Paulinus’s Writings........34 B. Paulinus’s View of His Own Conversion...........35 1. Carm. 10 to Ausonius................36 2 . Ep. 5 to Severus..................39 3. Ep. 25 * to Crispinianus................42 4. Carm. 21 (Natalicium XIII)..............47 C. Summary......................49 III. Paulinus of Nola and Priscillianism.............. 52 IV. Paulinus of Nola and Monasticism.............. 58 A. The Lexicographical Evidence...............60 1. Monasterium ...................60 a. The precedents..................60 b. Paulinus’s use of monasterium ............ 63 2. Monachus ....................66 a. The precedents.................66 b. Paulinus’s use of monachus .............67 B. Monastic Life at Nola.................70 1. The Monastery Buildings...............70 2. Monastic Dress and Appearance.............73 3. Fasting at Nola..................76 8 Contents 4. Manual Labor...................78 5. The Practice of Common Prayer.............78 C. Conclusion.....................81 V. The Monastic World around Paulinus............. 82 A. Augustine and Italian Monasticism.............83 1. Augustine and Paulinus................ 83 2. The Monasteries in Milan and Rome........... 83 B. Ambrose and Monasticism................ 86 1. Paulinus and Ambrose................ 86 2. Ambrose’s Allusions to Monasticism........... 87 3. Ambrose and Eusebius of Vercelli............89 C. Monasticism in the Vita Martini .............94 1. Paulinus and Martin................94 2. The Vita Martini ..................95 D. Sulpicius Severus at Primuliacum.............97 E. Jerome’s Influence on Paulinus..............98 1. Paulinus and Jerome.................98 2. The Aduersus louinianum ...............100 3. Jerome’s ep. 58 to Paulinus..............101 F. Summary: Paulinus in the Monastic Landscape.........106 1. Monastic Geography and Chronology...........107 2. Monasticism and the City...............107 3. The Clerical State and Monasticism...........108 4. Fasting.....................108 5. Manual Labor and Reading..............109 6. Dress, Appearance and Cleanliness............109 7. Common Prayer..................109 8. Western Monasticism and the Aristocracy.........110 9. Conclusions....................110 VI. Paulinus and Pelagianism.................Ill VII. Opposition to the Monastic Movement............116 1 A. The Pagan Opposition: Rutilius Claudius Namatianus......116 B. Monks and the Civil Law................117 C. Monks and the Secular Clergy...............119 Contents 9 D. The Theological Opposition to Monasticism..........123 E. Conclusions.....................127 VIII. Paulinus of Nola’s Religious Outlook .............128 A. Paulinus and the Bible.................128 B. Paulinus’s Religious Outlook...............134 1. Ascetical Dualism..................134 2. Withdrawal from the World..............135 3. Rejection of Property................136 4. Continence....................137 5. The Christian Life.................138 6. Eschatological Motivation...............139 7. Conclusion................... 140 C. Paulinus and Theology.................141 D. Paulinus’s Devotional Life................145 1. Saint Felix of Nola.................145 2. The Tombs of the Martyrs..............148 3. The Translation of Martyrs and the Cult of Relics......149 4. Conclusion....................151 IX. Concluding Summary...................152 Appendix I. The Chronology of Paulinus’s Works.........154 A. The Chronological Value of the Natalicia ..........154 B. The Order of Carm. 27 and 28.............155 C. The Absolute Chronology of the Natalicia ..........159 D. Nicetas’s Visits to Nola.................162 E. Melania’s Visit to Nola.................164 F. Augustine’s Ordination and the African Letters.........166 1. The History of the Question..............166 2. An Evaluation of the Arguments............171 3. A Critique of Perler’s Thesis..............173 4. Reconsiderationand Conclusions............175 G. Paulinus’s Ordination and the Early Letters to Severus......178 H. Victor’s Journeys and the Later Letters to Severus.......182 J. Other Questions of Chronology..............187 10 Contents K. A Chronological Table of Paulinus’s Works..........188 Appendix II. An Annotated Bibliography on Paulinus of Nola, 1879—1976 . 192 A. Separate Bibliographical Surveys..............192 B. The Text of Paulinus’s Works...............192 1. Critical Editions........... 192 2. Textual Criticism..................193 3. Manuscripts....................193 4. Translations...................194 5. Lexicography...................194 6. Chronology....................195 7. Questions of Authenticity...............196 8. Style and Metrics..................196 C. Paulinus of Nola...................197 1. Prosopography...................197 2. Historical Material on Paulinus.............197 3. Encomia and Printed Speeches.............199 4. Paulinus and His Contemporaries............199 5. Literary Analyses of Paulinus’s Works...........200 6. Paulinus and the Literary Tradition...........202 D. Archaeology ....................203 E. Liturgy.......................204 Indexes.........................205 A. Ancient Persons and Places.............. 205 B. Biblical References..................213 C. Greek and Latin Terms.................213 D. Modern Authors...................215.