Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:38 09 May 2016 Globalization and Global History This new volume argues that globalization is not a new and exotic phenomenon. Instead it emphasizes that globalization is something that has been with us as long as there have been people who are both interdependent and aware of that fact. Contemporary concerns about globalization are hard to avoid. Growing interdependence benefits some and marginalizes others. History is often described from a local perspective, making events seem particularistic and disconnected, rather than being enmeshed in a much larger network of interdependent events. Studying globalization from the vantage point of long-term global history permits theoretical and empirical investigation allowing the contributors to this volume to assess the extent of ongoing transformations and to compare them to earlier iterations. With this historical advantage, the extent of ongoing changes—which previously appeared unprecedented—can be contrasted to similar episodes in the past. This interdisciplinary volume includes chapters written by economists, historians, sociologists and political scientists. It will appeal to anyone interested in globalization and its origins. Barry K.Gills is Reader in International Politics at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. William R.Thompson is Rogers Professor of Political Science at the University of Indiana, USA. Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:38 09 May 2016 Rethinking globalizations Edited by Barry K.Gills University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK This series is designed to break new ground in the literature on globalization and its academic and popular understanding. Rather than perpetuating or simply reacting to the economistic understanding of globalization, this series seeks to capture the term and broaden its meaning to encompass a wide range of issues and disciplines, and convey a sense of alternative possibilities for the future. The tone of the series will be problem oriented, practical and accessible, assuming the role of the public intellectual as well as the specialized academic. It will seek to identify a set of global problems and address these in a way that allows readers to receive needed and essential information as well as encounter new ideas about practical solutions and alternatives. 1 Whither Globalization? The vortex of knowledge and ideology James H.Mittelman 2 Globalization and Global History Edited by Barry K.Gills and William R.Thompson Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:38 09 May 2016 Globalization and Global History Edited by Barry K.Gills and William R.Thompson Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:38 09 May 2016 LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2006 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” © 2006 Barry K.Gills and William R.Thompson for selection and editorial matter: individual contributors, their contributions. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Globalization and global history/edited by Barry K.Gills and William R.Thompson. p. cm.— (Rehinking globalization; 2) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Globalization. 2. International trade. 3. Economic history. I. Gills, Barry K., 1956– II. Thompson, William R. III. Series. JZ1318.G578625 2006 909–dc22 2005015668 ISBN 0-203-79947-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN - (OEB Format) ISBN 10:0-415-70137-6 (hbk) ISBN10:0-415-70136-8 (pbk) ISBN13:9-78-0-415-70137-2 (hbk) ISBN13:9-78-0-415-70136-5 (pbk) Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:38 09 May 2016 For Andre Gunder Frank, who was always ahead of us Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:38 09 May 2016 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:38 09 May 2016 Contents List of figures ix x List of tables List of contributors xiii Acknowledgements xvii 1 Globalizations, global histories and historical globalities 1 BARRY K.GILLS AND WILLIAM R.THOMPSON 2 Globalizing history and historicizing globalization 16 JERRY H.BENTLEY 3 The global animus 30 ROLAND ROBERTSON AND DAVID INGLIS 4 Civilizing processes and international societies 44 ANDREW LINKLATER 5 Globalizations 62 DAVID WILKINSON 6 The Big Collapse 72 CLAUDIO CIOFFI-REVILLA 7 [Re]periphalization, [re]incorporation, frontiers and non-state societies 87 THOMAS D.HALL Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:38 09 May 2016 8 Growth/decline phases and semi-peripheral development in the Ancient 104 Mesopotamian and Egyptian world-systems CHRISTOPHER CHASE-DUNN, DANIEL PASCIUTI, ALEXIS ALVAREZ AND THOMAS D.HALL 9 Early Iron Age economic expansion and contraction revisited 127 ANDRE GUNDER FRANK AND WILLIAM R.THOMPSON 10 Dark Ages 149 SING C.CHEW 11 Three steps in globalization JOACHIM KARL RENNSTICH 184 12 Globalization began in 1571 208 DENNIS O.FLYNN AND ARTURO GIRÁLDEZ 13 Colonies in a globalizing economy, 1815–1948 223 PATRICK KARL O’BRIEN Index 266 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:38 09 May 2016 Figures 6.1 Multigenic model of origins and long-term evolution of social 74 complexity 7.1 World system networks 89 7.2 The continuum of incorporation 90 7.3 Mergers of early world-systems 92 7.4 Cycling stages of chiefdoms 93 7.5 Empires sizes from Taagepera 97 7.6 Mechanisms of synchrony 98 8.1 Territorial sizes of Mesopotamian states and empires 110 8.2 Power configurations and the territorial size of the largest 111 empire 8.3 Largest cities in Egypt and Mesopotamia from 2800 BCE to 118 430 BCE 8.4 Largest empires in Egypt and Mesopotamia from 2800 BCE to 119 430 BCE Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:38 09 May 2016 11.1 Evolutionary model of globalization, based on the extended 187 EWP framework, 930–2300 CE 11.2 The 25 largest world cities, percentage external nodes, 1000 189 BCE-2000 CE Tables 8.1 Mesopotamian and Egyptian city and empire correlations based 117 on percentage change scores for different time periods 9.1 Frank (1993) versus Frank and Thompson (2005) on south-west 130 Asian Bronze Age economic fluctuations 9.2 Frank’s (1993) interpretation of the early Iron Age 131 9.3 Historical and archaeological evidence for economic expansion 133 and contraction in the first millennium BCE early Iron Age 9.4 A comparison of the 1993 and 2004 Early Iron Age economic 135 periodicities 10.1 Arboreal pollen profiles—deforestation periods 162 10.2 Periodization of dark ages 165 10.3 Cool and warm periods: Anatolia and adjacent regions 167 11.1 Extended evolutionary world politics model of process of 186 globalization, 930–2080 CE 11.2 World city blockages and circumventions 189 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:38 09 May 2016 11.3 Go-evolutionary world system processes, EWP matrix, 3400 190 BCE-2080 CE 13.1 Growth rates for world and Third World commodity trade, 227 1820–1913 13.2 Europe and its colonial empires 1760–1963 (rounded to 230 millions) 13.3 Primary products and manufactured exports by region in 1830, 232 1876–80 and 1913 13.4 Destinations for Third World exports, 1840–1938 233 13.5 Shares of primary products sold on international markets, 234 1830–1937 (by zone) 13.6 Geographical origins of European imports, 1830–1953 234 13.7 Geographical origins of UK imports and destinations for UK 236 exports, 1830–1910 13.8 Destinations for European exports 1750–1953 237 13.9 Commodity composition of Third World exports, 1830–1937 237 (ratios in dollars at current prices and rounded) 13.10 Shares of total exports emanating from independent polities 239 and colonial regions of the Third World, 1830–1937 13.11 Geographical distribution of recorded foreign investment 242 (measured in dollars at current prices c. 1913) 13.12 Railways, areas, croplands, populations by continent, 1820– 243 1930 13.13 Exports per capita for national (N) and colonial (C) economies 246 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:38 09 May 2016 in US dollars at current prices for 1900, 1937 and 1948 13.14 Exports per capita (relative capacity to import and to raise 252 loans, measured in US dollars at current and constant prices), 1830–1948 13.15 Rates of growth and purchasing power of commodity exports 254 from the Third World, 1830–1948 13.16 Exports per capita in 1948 deflated by the price index for 255 manufactures sold on world markets Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:38 09 May 2016 Contributors Alexis Alvarez is a published poet fluent in four languages, a graduate of the University of California, Riverside, and a teacher of sociology at the community college level. His interests include sociolinguistics and macrosociological/world systems paradigms. His empirical interests include the pre-gunpowder periods of the Islamic, Mesoamerican, Chinese and western civilizations. His methodology includes both a quantitative/ statistical approach as well as anecdotal content analysis and artefact analysis. Jerry H.Bentley is Professor of History at the University of Hawai’i and editor of the Journal of World History. His research on the religious, moral and political writings of Renaissance humanists led to the publication of Humanists and Holy Writ: New Testament Scholarship in the Renaissance (Princeton, 1983) and Politics and Culture in Renaissance Naples (Princeton, 1987).