UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 12-2011 On the back of the army: A comparative study of Romanization in Britain and Egypt Renee Wiseman University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the African History Commons, Cultural History Commons, European History Commons, Political History Commons, and the Social History Commons Repository Citation Wiseman, Renee, "On the back of the army: A comparative study of Romanization in Britain and Egypt" (2011). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/2838864 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. 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ON THE BACK OF THE ARMY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ROMANIZATION IN BRITAIN AND EGYPT By Renee Wiseman A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in History History Department College of Liberal Arts The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas December, 2011 THE GRADUATE COLLEGE We recommend the thesis prepared under our supervision by Renee Wiseman entitled On the Back of the Army: A Comparative Study of Romanization in Britain and Egypt be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Department of History Andrew Bell , Committee Chair John Curry , Committee Member Elspeth Whitney , Committee Member William Jankowiak , Graduate College Representative Ronald Smith, Ph. D., Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies and Dean of the Graduate College December 2011 iii Abstract Romanization is the process of understanding how Rome culturally expanded beyond military actions. This study seeks to compare how Romanization proceeded in the provinces of Britain and Egypt. iv Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures ................................................................................................... vii Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1 ................................................................................................................. 7 What is Romanization? ....................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2 ............................................................................................................... 20 How Romanization progressed in Britain ............................................................. 20 Roman views of the Britons .............................................................................. 25 Urbanization ...................................................................................................... 29 The Roman Garrison in Britain......................................................................... 35 Language in Britain........................................................................................... 38 Climate change and widespread flooding ......................................................... 42 Economic Failure .............................................................................................. 46 The fading of Romanization ............................................................................. 48 How Romanized did Britain become? .............................................................. 52 Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 53 Chapter 3 ............................................................................................................... 57 v The Romanization of Egypt .................................................................................. 57 Roman views of Egyptians ............................................................................... 61 The Governance of Roman Egypt ..................................................................... 64 Egyptian views of Romans ............................................................................... 71 How Romanization progressed in Egypt .......................................................... 73 The Roman Garrison in Egypt .......................................................................... 78 Language ........................................................................................................... 84 Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 85 Chapter 4 ............................................................................................................... 88 Romanization at a Distance .................................................................................. 88 Exhibits ................................................................................................................. 96 Bibliography: ...................................................................................................... 111 Books: ............................................................................................................. 111 Primary Sources: ..................................................................................................... 111 Secondary Sources: ................................................................................................. 112 Articles: ........................................................................................................... 114 Websites: ......................................................................................................... 114 Curriculum Vitae for Renee M Wiseman ........................................................... 115 vi List of Figures Figure 1 acquired from British Museum, used with permission. Later first century, BC, http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/cm/g/gold_coin_in_t he_name_of_tinco.aspx .................................................................................................... 96 Figure 2 acquired from British Museum, used with permission. Circa 10-40 AD. http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_d etails.aspx?objectid=1637648&partid=1&searchText=camv+coin&numpages=10&orig= %2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx&currentPage=2 .......................... 96 Figure 3, the Roman military occupation in Britain, acquired from Peter Salway, 99. .... 97 Figure 4 from Salway, 1992 page 66 ................................................................................ 98 Figure 5 taken from Wikipedia Based on Jones & Mattingly's Atlas of Roman Britain (ISBN 978-1-84217-06700, 1990, reprinted 2007) — the source is cited in the image legend — section "The Economy", pp. 179–195 Production- http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ ................................................................................ 99 Figure 6 taken from Wikipedia Based on Jones & Mattingly's Atlas of Roman Britain (ISBN 978-1-84217-06700, 1990, reprinted 2007) — the source is cited in the image legend — section "The Economy", pp. 179–195 ............................................................ 100 Figure 7 taken from Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Roads_in_Britannia.svg ............................... 101 Figure 8 taken from the British Museum, used with permission, http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/t/the_hinton_ st_mary_mosaic.aspx. ..................................................................................................... 102 vii Figure 9 taken from the British Museum, used with permission, http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/t/the_hinton_ st_mary_mosaic.aspx. ..................................................................................................... 103 Figure 10 acquired from British Museum, used with permission. http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/b/bronze_mil itary_diploma.aspx .......................................................................................................... 104 Figure 11, a map of the 30 nomes of upper Egypt, from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Upper_Egypt_Nomes.png ....... 105 Figure 12, positions of Roman forts and military bases through Egypt ......................... 106 Figure 13 acquired from British Museum, used with permission, dated 10-14 AD, http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/cm/b/bronze_coin_w ith_pig_trotter.aspx ......................................................................................................... 107 Figure 14 acquired from the British Museum, used with permission. http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/cm/g/gold_octadrach