Dementia A scoping review of AHP interventions for people living with dementia, their families, partners and carers Prepared for: Alzheimer Scotland: Action on Dementia 22 Drumsheugh Gardens Edinburgh Scotland EH3 7RN Prepared by: The Division of Occupational Therapy and Arts Therapies Queen Margaret University School of Health Sciences Edinburgh EH21 6UU Investigator: Duncan Pentland, D. Health Soc Sci Published: 03-December-2015 CONTENTS Contents ................................................................................................................................................... i List of figures and tables ........................................................................................................................ iv List of abbreviations, acronyms and symbols ......................................................................................... v 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Purpose ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Approach ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.3. Methods .................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Cognitive interventions ................................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Definitions related to cognitive interventions for people living with dementia .................... 8 2.2. Systematic Reviews of Studies into Cognitive Interventions .................................................. 8 2.3. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 11 3. Sensory interventions ................................................................................................................... 12 3.1. Definition of sensory interventions reviewed ...................................................................... 12 3.2. Systematic Reviews of Effectiveness Studies for Sensory Interventions .............................. 12 3.3. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 13 4. Exercise and motor interventions ................................................................................................. 14 4.1. Definitions of Exercise and Motor Interventions .................................................................. 14 4.2. Systematic Reviews of Effectiveness Studies for Exercise/Motor Interventions.................. 14 4.3. Evidence for Exercise and Motor Interventions not included in preceding systematic reviews .............................................................................................................................................. 15 4.4. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 16 5. Interventions aimed at families, partners and carers of people living with dementia ................ 25 5.1. Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 25 5.2. Systematic Reviews of Effectiveness Studies for Caregiver Interventions ........................... 25 5.3. Evidence for Caregiver Interventions Not Included in Preceding Systematic Reviews ........ 29 5.4. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 30 6. Interventions using individualised or personalised approaches................................................... 37 6.1. Definitions of Individualised or Personalised Approaches ................................................... 37 6.2. Systematic Reviews of Effectiveness Studies for Individualised or Personalised Approaches 37 6.3. Evidence for Individualised and Personalised Approaches not Considered in the preceding review 37 6.4. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 38 i 7. Functional and task-oriented interventions ................................................................................. 54 7.1. Definitions of Functional and Task-Oriented Interventions ................................................. 54 7.2. Evidence for functional and Task Oriented Interventions .................................................... 54 7.3. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 54 8. Assistive technologies ................................................................................................................... 63 8.1. Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 63 8.2. Systematic Reviews of Effectiveness Studies for Assistive Technology Interventions ......... 63 8.3. Evidence for Assistive Technologies Not included in Systematic Reviews ........................... 63 8.4. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 66 9. Interventions to manage dementia associated risks .................................................................. 116 9.1. Definitions of Associated Risks ........................................................................................... 116 9.2. Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 118 10. Interventions focused on managing behavioural, psychological and neuropsychiatric symptoms ............................................................................................................................................ 127 10.1. Systematic Reviews of Effectiveness Studies of Interventions to Manage Behavioural Symptoms ....................................................................................................................................... 127 10.2. Evidence for Interventions to Manage Behavioural Symptoms Not included in Systematic Reviews 128 10.3. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 128 11. Multicomponent and interdisciplinary interventions ............................................................. 136 11.1. Definitions of Multicomponent and Interdisciplinary Interventions .............................. 136 11.2. Evidence for multi-component and interdisciplinary interventions ............................... 136 11.3. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 136 12. Studies into the Effects of Service Delivery Models on Dementia ......................................... 144 12.1. Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 144 12.2. Evidence for the Effects of Service Delivery Models ...................................................... 144 12.3. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 144 13. Horticultural Therapies, Gardening Interventions and Gardens ............................................ 150 13.1. Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 150 13.2. Evidence for horticultural therapies, gardening and gardens ........................................ 150 13.3. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 150 14. Animal Assisted Interventions and Pet Therapy ..................................................................... 157 14.1. Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 157 14.2. Evidence for Animal Assisted Interventions ................................................................... 157 14.3. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 157 ii 15. Music Therapy ......................................................................................................................... 177 15.1. Definitions of music therapy ........................................................................................... 177 15.2. Systematic reviews of the effectiveness of music therapy for dementia ....................... 177 15.3. Studies not included in preceding reviews ..................................................................... 180 15.4. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 180 16. Art Therapy ............................................................................................................................. 186 16.1. Definitions of Art Therapy ..............................................................................................