1% MOSQUITO SYSIEMATICS VOL. 22. No. 3 TAXONOMIC CHANGES, REVISED OCCURRENCE RECORDS AND NOTES ON THE CULICIDAE OF THAILAND AND NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES. ” B. A. H&RISON~, R. RATIXNARITHIKUL~, E. L. PEYTON~AND K. MONGKOLPANYA~ ABSTRACT. Publishedmosquito records for Thailand listedin the world mosquitocatalog and supplementsand in several recently publishedchecklists are reviewed and revisedbased upon specimensdeposited in the National Museum Natural History, Washington,DC, USA, and the Department of Medical Entomology, Armed Forces ResearchInstitute of Medical Sciences,Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 410valid species/subspeciesare consideredvalid records for Thailand. This represents63 more species/subspeciesthan listed in the world mosquito catalog and supplements,and 32 more valid species/subspeciesthan given in the most recent publishedchecklist for Thailand. Numerousolder speciesrecords were alsore-evaluated for possibleinclusion in the list. Distributionand collectiondata are providedfor the new records,with noteson the locationof the specimens.Notes and distributionextensions are also providedfor 34 important or rarely collectedspecies already known from Thailand. Five subspeciesare elevatedto species:Anopheles baileyi, An. nilgiricus, An. paraliae, Aedes greenii and Ae. leonis. Three species/subspeciesare synonymized:Aedes albotaeniatus mikiranus, Ae. greenii kanaranus andAe. hegneri. The distributionsof 8 speciesare restrictedto specificareas outside of Thailand:Anopheles aitkenii to India and Sri Lanka;An. filipinae to the Philippines; An. niZ@icus to southernIndia; Aedes aureostiatus to easternIndonesia and the New Guinea area;Ae. macdougalli to southernIndia and Sri Lanka;Ae. niveus to the Philippines;Uranotaenia maculipleura to Malaysia and Ur. recondita to southwesternIndia. A total of 164 referenceswere usedin decisionmaking and are cited to assistreaders. INTRODUCTION of the Thailand fauna. Representativesof the other zoogeographicelements have not been categorizedexcept During the last5 years,lists of the mosquitoesoccurring for the Anopheles (Anopheles) (Harrison and Scanlon in certain regions (Miyagi et al. 1986) or all of Thailand 1975), and the relationshipsbetween the Thailand, Philip- (Apiwathnasorn1986, Tsukamoto et al. 1987) have been pine and Japanesefaunas (Tsukamoto et al. 1987). published. Tsukamoto et al. (1987) recorded 377 valid Regardlessof the currentsize of the Thailand mosquito speciesor subspeciesand 7 unnamedspecies in Thailand, fauna,many additional species remain undiscovered. Nearly which representsa 48.3% increaseover the 259 species every collection trip conducted by the Department of reported 31 years ago (Thurman 1959), and roughly12 % Medical Entomology,Armed ForcesResearch Institute of of the world mosquito fauna (Knight and Stone 1977, Medical Sciences@RIMS), Bangkok, produces new Knight 1978a,Ward 1984,Gaffigan and Ward 1985). This country records and/or new species. Many of these large concentrationof speciesoccurs in an area extending recordshave remained unpublished for years. This paper between6 ” and21 ”N latitude,that is roughly1,600 km long reports: (1) confirmed new country records for species and approximatelythe samesize asthe state of California basedon collectionsprior to 1982;(2) recently described in the United States. Such an abundanceof mosquito new species;(3) additionalinformation regardingspecies speciesis almostcertainly due to concentratedcollection recentlydetected and recordedin publishedliterature; (4) efforts and to the uniquegeographic location of Thailand notes,changes and/or new distributionrecords for certain in Asia. Mosquitoesoriginating from at least 5 separate uncommon or important species;and (5) comments/ zoogeographicelements or originsmay be found in Thai- correctionsfor certainrecords in the l&s of Apiwathnasorn land, i.e., (1) endemic,(2) Indian, (3) Chinese,(4) Malay- (1986), Miyagi et al. (1986) and Tsukamoto et al. (1987). Indonesian,and (5) speciesintroduced by man. Tsukamoto et al. (1987) list 54 species(14.1%) as endemicmembers MATERIALS AND METHODS The collection of mosquito immature stages is the ‘Theviews of the authorsdo not purportto reflect the positionof the primary method usedby AFRIMS personnelduring bio- Department of the Army or the Department of Defense (para4-3), AR systematicfield surveysin Thailand. A majority of col- 360-S. lected larvae and pupae are reared to adults and the ‘Walter Reed BiosystematicsUnit, Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,Washington, DC 20307-5100 associated4th instar larval and pupal exuviae are pre- (addressfor reprints). served for study along with the adult. Any remaining “Department of Medical Entomology,US Army Medical Compo- immatures are preserved for slide preparation. Less nent, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences,Rajvithi frequently, biting or landing collectionsare made with Road, Bangkok10400, Thailand. DECEMBER 1990 197 selectedfemales subsequently isolated for ovipositionand tion. The evaluationswere based on general mosquito productionof progenybroods. Every effort is madeto rear knowledgeavailable to the original author(s) at the time andidentify specimensduring the field surveysrather than the recordwas established, the recognizeddistributions of after the trips. This enablesthe systematiststo locate the speciesat present, and the tremendousincrease in the precise habitat(s) of uncommon speciesand to collect number of recognizedmosquito species since the records additional specimens. After the field surveys,curated were established. specimensare sorted and retained in the Department of Medical Entomology(APRIMS) collection,or sentto the RESULTS Walter Reed BiosystematicUnit (WRBU) for depositin the National Museumof Natural History (NMNH) collec- I. Confirmed new occurrence records for species in tionsat the MuseumSupport Center, SmithsonianInstitu- Thailand. tion, Washington,DC. Detailed collection records are maintainedby both organizationswith the specimensto There are 18 previously described species/subspecies provideprecise collection and habitat data. Personsinter- that we recoguize here as new to the Thailand fauna: estedin additionalbiological and collectiondata for spe- Anopheles (Ano.) lindesayi cameronensis Edwards,Aedes cieslisted herein shouldbase their requestson any collec- (Die.) fknciscoi Mattingly, Aedes (Fin.) ganapathi Col- tion numbersprovided here. less,Aedes (Fin.) inerrnis Colless, Ae&s (Fin.) jugraensis Records and information for speciesreported in this (Leicester), Aedes (Fin.) leonis Colless, Aedes (Fin.) lo- publicationare groupedinto 5 sections,as outlinedin the phoventralis (Theobald), Aedes (Fin.) novoniveus Bar- introduction. New distributionrecords are basedon all raud, Aedes (Fin.) pexus Colless, Aedes (Fin.) pseudoni- available specimens(including the exuviaeof larvae and veus (Theobald), Aedes (Fin.) subniveus Edwards,Aedes pupae) and were confirmed by comparisonwith voucher (Fin.) unicinctus Edwards,Aedes (Fin.) vanus Colless, specimensfrom the world mosquito collection in the Heizmannia (Mat.) catesi Lien, Uranotaenia (Ura.) hebes NMNH. Many of our new records are from the unpub- Barraud, Uranotaenia (Ura.) macfaranei Edwards, Ura- lishedidentifications and recordsof Dr. K.L. Knight, who notaenia (Ura.) micans Leicester,and Uranotaenia (Ura.) studiedthe Aedes (Finlaya) of SoutheastAsia for over 25 subnormalis Martini. More specifictaxonomic and collec- years. The specimensand Dr. Knight’s notes from that tion data are presentedbelow. study are located at the NMNH, and he has kindly con- 1. Anopheles (Anopheles) lindesayi cameronensis Ed- sented to their use in this paper. In a few cases,the wards. There are no previousrecords of membersof the specimensresponsible for recordsare no longer available LindesayiComplex from Thailand. Reid (1968), the last for examination,however, we are confidentin the identifi- major reviewer of An. lindesayi sensu lato recognized6 cationsentered into the collectionrecords for thosespe- subspeciesand one closelyrelated speciesdistributed as cies. follows: lindesayi Giles (northern India), 1. benguetensis The generic and subgenericabbreviations used are King (Philippines),1. cameronensis Edwards (peninsular thoseof Reinert (1975,1982). Abbreviationsused for the Malaysia),1. japonicus Yamada(Japan, Korea andPeople ’s immature stagesand exuviae are: pupal exuviae (Pe), Republic of China), 1. nilgiricus Christophers(southern larval exuviae(Le), pupa (P) and larva (L). India), 1. pleccau Koidzumi (Taiwan), and An. welling- The world mosquitocatalog of Knight andStone (1977) tonianus Alcock (peninsularMalaysia). Ma (1981) de- and supplements(Knight 1978a,Ward 1984,Gaffigan and scribeda new species,An. menglangensis, from Yunnan Ward 1985) servedas the basisfor the taxonomicnomen- Province,People ’s Republic of China, that is very similar clature and sequenceused here. Abbreviatedsubgeneric to wellingtonianus. We considerboth menglangensisand nameshave been includedto assistthe reader in following wellingtonianus to be members of the LindesayiComplex, the sequencein the catalog and supplements. Varietal as Reid (1968) consideredwellingtonianus identical to 1. names publishedprior to 1961 have been corrected to cameronensis exceptfor 2 adult characters. subspeciesper article 45g of the International Code of Anopheles lindesayi sensu stricto is recorded across ZoologicalNomenclature (1985). Distributionrecords for northernIndia to the Khasiand Jaintai Hills in Meghalaya speciesincluded